CN212703648U - Wet-type process treatment system for municipal domestic waste - Google Patents

一种城市生活垃圾湿式工艺处理系统，由破碎机、洗涤池、研磨机、筛分机、可生化物混合调理池、厌氧消化罐、干燥机、混料机、热解鼓、燃气设备等组成，垃圾破碎后传送至洗涤池进行洗涤，沉淀物分拣出无机成分后与洗涤池上浮物一同送入研磨机，将研磨物料冲洗过筛，筛上物烘干后进入混料机，筛下物送入混合调理池，待水质达到要求后，输入至厌氧消化罐，并生成沼气、沼液和沼渣；沼渣脱水干燥后与上述干燥后的筛上物一同送入热解鼓，热裂解的燃气除去焦油后与上述沼气进入燃气收集利用系统。本发明实现垃圾无害化、减量化和资源化，有效提高了垃圾的资源化综合利用率。

A municipal solid waste wet process treatment system is composed of a crusher, a washing tank, a grinder, a screening machine, a biochemical mixing and conditioning tank, an anaerobic digestion tank, a dryer, a mixer, a pyrolysis drum, gas equipment, etc. , the garbage is crushed and sent to the washing tank for washing. The inorganic components are sorted out from the sediment and sent to the grinder together with the floating material in the washing tank. The grinding material is washed and sieved. After the water quality meets the requirements, it is input to the anaerobic digestion tank, and biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue are generated; after dehydration and drying, the biogas residue is sent to the pyrolysis drum together with the above-mentioned dried sieves. The pyrolyzed fuel gas enters the fuel gas collection and utilization system together with the above-mentioned biogas after removing the tar. The invention realizes the innocence, reduction and resource utilization of garbage, and effectively improves the comprehensive utilization rate of the garbage.

Wet-type process treatment system for municipal domestic waste

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a garbage disposal technology is urban domestic waste wet processing technology particularly.

Background

At present, there are three main methods for treating domestic garbage in various countries in the world: landfill, incineration and composting. The landfill treatment occupies a large amount of land and discharges greenhouse gases, and the treatment of the percolate is difficult if the percolate is discharged for a long time, and surface water or underground water can be polluted if the percolate is not treated well; although the incineration is thorough stabilization and harmless treatment, a large amount of primary energy is consumed, dioxin and greenhouse gases are discharged, the operation cost is high, and the operation can be carried out generally by encouraging policies; the compost is only limited to garbage with relevant indexes meeting the requirements, and domestic practices prove that the compost product is not good in acceptability.

These three processes, which may be referred to as "dry" or "semi-dry" processes, do not add water to the waste, but rather reduce the moisture content of the waste as much as possible or remove moisture during pretreatment.

Chinese patent document "a method for comprehensive treatment of garbage" (CN201810493617. X): pre-treating, stacking and dewatering the primary garbage, mixing the primary garbage with aged garbage, screening and crushing; separating the garbage into inert garbage, biochemical garbage and combustible garbage; inert garbage: landfill treatment; biochemical garbage: spraying biological protease, carrying out aerobic fermentation treatment, and degrading organic matters in the garbage to prepare an organic fertilizer; combustible garbage: the carbon black can be obtained after the dry distillation and pyrolysis treatment, and the recycling and harmless treatment can be realized.

Chinese patent document two, "a garbage decomposition process" (CN 201810643467.6): comprises the steps of crushing, sterilizing, dehydrating, oxidizing and extracting and the like; crushing and compressing to obtain garbage slag and garbage mixed water; then respectively sterilizing the garbage slag and the garbage mixed water; and electrolyzing the garbage mixed water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and treating garbage residues to obtain the feed or fertilizer.

Both of the above two documents relate to a dry process for garbage disposal, and both of them have the defect of low comprehensive utilization rate of garbage resources.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a wet-type process treatment system of municipal domestic waste that rubbish resource utilization rate is high to the problem that prior art exists.

The purpose of the utility model is realized like this: a wet-type process treatment system for municipal solid waste, which comprises,

a crusher: crushing the municipal refuse to realize loosening;

a washing tank: the crushed garbage enters a tank and is stirred and washed by stirring equipment in the tank, the washed precipitate is fished out, and the precipitate with the inorganic components sorted out and the fished-out floating matter during washing are sent to a grinder;

grinding machine: grinding the precipitate and the floating matter with inorganic components removed in the washing tank by water pumped into the washing tank;

screening machine: pumping water into a washing tank to spray water, washing and sieving the ground slurry;

biochemical mixed conditioning tank: delivering the undersize processed by the sieving machine into a conditioning pool through a belt conveyor, adding sludge and planting and breeding waste liquid substances into the pool to adjust the temperature, and processing until the indexes of water quality such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), SS (suspended solid) and the like meet the process requirements;

an anaerobic digestion tank: a stirrer and a heater are arranged in the sealed tank body, the effluent of the conditioning tank is pumped into an anaerobic digestion tank, organic components in the anaerobic digestion tank are degraded in the tank to generate methane and biogas residues, and the methane is input into a gas cabinet through a pipeline;

a dryer: dehydrating and drying the biogas residues discharged from the anaerobic digestion tank in a drier;

a mixer: feeding the dried biogas residues and oversize materials of the sieving machine into a mixer together for mixing;

a pyrolysis drum: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) isolating oxygen by using a rotatable sealed cylinder type device, conveying the material mixed by a mixer into a pyrolysis drum to perform pyrolysis at the pressure equal to or close to normal pressure and the temperature of 450-1200 ℃ to generate fuel gas, tar and coke slag, and inputting the fuel gas into a gas cabinet through a pipeline;

gas equipment: the gas water heater consists of a gas water heater and a gas thermoelectric unit; the gas cabinet is connected with the gas water heater through a pipeline, and water introduced into the conditioning pool is heated by the gas water heater and then returns to the conditioning pool through the pipeline to heat the water in the pool; the gas burner is connected with the gas cabinet through a pipeline, and the gas generates heat after being burned by the gas burner to heat the materials in the pyrolysis drum.

A sediment crusher: secondarily crushing the precipitate fished out of the washing tank, feeding the crushed material into a cleaning machine for cleaning, transporting the cleaned solid, namely inorganic residue, out, and pumping cleaning water into the washing tank or a grinding machine through a pipeline; the water for the cleaning machine is conveyed by the water in the washing tank through a pipeline and a water pump. And the biogas slurry output by the anaerobic digestion tank is pumped into a washing tank through a pipeline after being deaminated.

And a temperature sensor, a liquefaction sensor, an organic acid concentration sensor, a pH value sensor and a material concentration sensor are arranged in the anaerobic digestion tank.

Biomass such as sludge, agricultural and animal husbandry waste, river sludge, etc. may be fed to the anaerobic digestion system or the pyrolysis system.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following characteristics and advantages:

1. from the characteristics of household garbage, the thinking mode of the traditional treatment method and garbage classification is broken out, water is taken as a process medium, the garbage is crushed and washed, inorganic components are selected, and liquid-phase and solid-phase two streams of material flow to be treated are obtained: the liquid phase enters an anaerobic digestion process to produce biogas, the biogas slurry is recycled, and the surplus part is used as an agricultural fertilizer or is discharged after reaching the standard (the amount is limited); the biogas residues enter a solid phase flow, are mixed with other materials in a mixer and then enter a pyrolysis state, so that pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis coke residues and tar are generated, and secondary pollution is avoided;

2. the components of the biogas or the pyrolysis gas are the simplest gas molecules, such as methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia and the like, and the combustion waste gas is concise to treat and can stably reach the standard and be guaranteed; the gas drives the thermoelectric unit to realize self-sufficiency of electric power and heat energy, and a power grid is only used as a standby power supply;

3. the two core devices of the utility model are anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis, which can completely treat the liquid and solid of the garbage, even if there is no condition to implement the garbage classification city, the utility model provides the same treatment effect;

4. the utility model discloses can regard as city integrated processing system to use, mud, farming-grazing industry discarded object, river silt etc. can coprocessing.

5. The garbage is changed into valuable, and the utilization rate of garbage resources is high. After the treatment by the process, the garbage is converted into biogas and pyrolysis gas, solid-phase residue, tar and biogas slurry, the biogas and pyrolysis gas are used as renewable energy sources, the solid-phase residue and biogas slurry are used as agricultural fertilizers, and the tar has certain economic value. The utility model can thoroughly realize the harmlessness, reduction, stabilization and reclamation of the garbage;

6. as the temperature of the pyrolysis equipment reaches more than 450 ℃, all pathogens and viruses are thoroughly eliminated, and the anaerobic digestion system can also eliminate most pathogens in a liquid medium, thereby having great significance for guaranteeing the quality of a sanitary environment;

7. energy self-sufficiency is realized by collecting renewable energy sources (methane and pyrolysis gas), and the emission reduction effect is obvious;

8. the social total cost of garbage treatment can be reduced.

Domestic waste of China's characteristics are that the moisture content is high, and categorised degree is not high or even do not have the classification, the utility model discloses from the rubbish current situation of china, develop a whole set of wet-type refuse treatment process, effectively solved the refuse treatment difficult problem.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the process equipment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a wet type process treatment system for municipal solid waste, comprising,

a crusher 1: crushing the municipal refuse to realize loosening;

a washing tank 2: the crushed garbage enters a tank and is stirred and washed by stirring equipment in the tank, the washed precipitate is fished out, and the precipitate with the inorganic components sorted out and the fished-out floating matter during washing are sent to a grinder 3;

a grinder 3: grinding the precipitate and the floating matter with inorganic components removed in the washing tank by water pumped into the washing tank;

screening machine 4: pumping water into a washing tank to spray water, washing and sieving the ground slurry;

biochemical mixed conditioning tank 5: the undersize materials treated by the screening machine are sent into a conditioning pool through a belt conveyor, sludge and planting and breeding waste liquid substances can be put into the conditioning pool to adjust the temperature, and the materials are treated until indexes such as water quality COD, SS and the like meet process requirements (the condition that the indexes such as the water quality COD, the SS and the like meet the process requirements means that pollutants continuously enter water in the washing process, the concentration is higher and higher, the pollutants can enter the next step of anaerobic digestion only when the pollutants reach a certain degree, and too thin water cannot enter a digestion tank);

the anaerobic digestion tank 6: a stirrer and a heater are arranged in the sealed tank body, the effluent of the conditioning tank is pumped into an anaerobic digestion tank, organic components in the anaerobic digestion tank are degraded in the tank to generate methane and methane slag, and the methane is input into a gas cabinet 11 through a pipeline; the heating mode in jar is more, and electric heating is only one of them. Because the utility model discloses itself produces the gas, and the gas burning heat production can be used to the interior heating of jar naturally.

And a dryer 7: dehydrating and drying the biogas residues discharged from the anaerobic digestion tank 6 in a dryer;

a mixer 8: feeding the dried biogas residues and oversize materials of the sieving machine into a mixer together for mixing;

pyrolysis drum 9: the device is a rotatable sealed cylinder type device, is used for isolating oxygen, the water content of the material mixed by a mixer meets the requirement, the material is conveyed into a pyrolysis drum and is thermally cracked at the temperature of 450-1200 ℃ under the pressure equal to or close to the normal pressure to generate fuel gas, tar and coke residue, and the fuel gas is input into a fuel gas cabinet 11 through a pipeline;

the gas equipment 12: the gas water heater consists of a gas water heater and a gas thermoelectric unit; the gas cabinet is connected with a gas water heater through a pipeline, water introduced into the conditioning pool 5 is heated by the gas water heater and then returns to the conditioning pool through the pipeline, and the pool water is heated; the gas burner is connected with the gas cabinet through a pipeline, and the gas generates heat after being burned by the gas burner to heat the materials in the pyrolysis drum. The gas water heater and the thermoelectric unit generate heat and distribute the heat to the conditioning pool, the anaerobic digestion tank and the pyrolysis drum. A thermoelectric power unit is necessary because electricity is generated.

The gas equipment 12: the system consists of a gas water heater and a gas thermoelectric unit (because of the need of electric power, the thermoelectric unit can provide part of heat, but the heat efficiency is lower than that of the water heater, the heat of the water heater and the thermoelectric unit can be generally used by being pulled through and respectively supplied to a conditioning pool, an anaerobic digestion tank and a pyrolysis drum); the gas cabinet is connected with the two gas devices through a pipeline, water introduced into the conditioning pool 5 is heated by the gas water heater and then returns to the conditioning pool through the pipeline, and the water in the pool is heated; the gas burner is connected with the gas cabinet through a pipeline, and the gas generates heat after being burned by the gas burner to heat the materials in the pyrolysis drum.

Also has a sediment crusher 2.1: secondarily crushing the precipitate fished out of the washing tank, feeding the crushed material into a cleaning machine for 2.2 cleaning, transporting the cleaned inorganic residue outwards, and pumping cleaning water into the washing tank or a grinding machine through a pipeline; the water for the cleaning machine is conveyed by the water in the washing tank through a pipeline and a water pump. (it is suggested that bone is also a solid after washing, but it is not removed, and it can be used as pyrolysis material to be fed into the mixing tank, and only the inorganic components after washing need to be transported, such as tableware fragments, etc.)

The biogas slurry produced by the anaerobic digestion tank 6 is deaminated and pumped into the washing tank 2 through a pipeline.

A temperature sensor, a liquefaction sensor, an organic acid concentration sensor, a pH value sensor and a material concentration sensor are arranged in the anaerobic digestion tank 6.

The garbage is firstly crushed after being transported, and the garbage is mainly cut into pieces, including tearing bags, tying ropes and the like. Then poured into a washing tank with circulating water and agitation means to dissolve the contaminants into the wash water. The ingredients with higher specific gravity sink to the bottom, and the broken pieces of tableware are taken out, and the rest parts (such as bones) are broken. Washing, taking out inorganic components, mixing the rest with the floating materials, grinding various organic materials (such as kitchen components) into slurry, and sieving; the oversize materials are mainly high molecular materials (such as plastic bags), and enter a mixer after being drained; the undersize materials enter an anaerobic digestion tank to produce biogas after conditioning (heating), and biomass such as municipal sludge, kitchen waste, garden waste and the like can be added in the process. The biogas enters a gas storage cabinet after being purified (desulfurized and desiliconized). Discharging the digestive juice and dehydrating to form biogas slurry and biogas residues, wherein the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are used in a washing tank after deamination, and redundant biogas slurry can be used as agricultural fertilizer; and (3) drying the biogas residues to reduce the water content to a specific value, feeding the biogas residues into a mixer, mixing the biogas residues with the polymer material, and feeding the biogas residues into pyrolysis equipment. The pyrolysis product comprises pyrolysis gas, tar and coke residue (residue), the gas enters the gas storage cabinet after being purified, the yield of the tar is limited, but the tar has additional value and needs to be collected; the coke slag is a solid-phase product with a porous structure, has certain active carbon property, and is completely inertized, harmless and transported outside.

The mixed gas drives the thermoelectric unit and the water heater to generate electricity and heat, or drives the boiler to generate heat, or is used as the gas of the gas water heater to generate hot water for heating the water in the conditioning pool, or heats the water temperature in the conditioning pool through the electric heater. The electricity is self-used, and the generated heat has three purposes: preheating the materials to a certain temperature before the materials enter an anaerobic digestion tank; heating and maintaining the temperature of the anaerobic digestion tank; the pyrolysis drum is heated and maintained at temperature.

The utility model relates to a novel wet-type process treatment system of municipal domestic waste, the treatment effect does not receive the influence of moisture content height, but runs through process flow as pollutant carrier and working medium with water. Specifically, after the garbage is transported, the garbage is firstly crushed, and the crushing facility can tear the garbage packaging bag, cut off the stranded rope, and crush large garbage (such as hard plastic, metal, glass, tableware, bones, tiles and the like). Controlling the flow state of water in the washing tank to ensure that the garbage is fully stirred and washed in the water, floating objects such as macromolecules and the like float upwards, components with larger density precipitate, and pollutants are kept in the water in a dissolved state or a suspended state. The purpose is to handle into less size and realize the loosening with wrapping bag, ligature area, mixed rubbish etc. and transport it afterwards to the pond and wash, realizes three purposes: firstly, soluble pollutants enter a liquid phase, namely washing water; secondly, floating components with lighter specific gravity such as solid biomass, high polymer materials and the like to the water surface, fishing out water, grinding, spraying and sorting by using a mesh screen, feeding the components ground into slurry into a liquid phase, draining and drying (airing) oversize materials, and feeding the oversize materials into a mixer; thirdly, precipitating the components with larger specific gravity to the bottom of the tank, collecting the components, crushing the components again, washing the crushed components with water, sorting out inorganic residues, leaving the inorganic residues from the treatment process, mixing the cleaning water with other components and the floating objects, and then entering a grinding treatment section; the floating components of the water salvaged from the wash tank are mixed with the sediment wash water and then fed to the grinding section where the common organic contaminants are ground into a slurry.

The liquid phase enters an anaerobic digestion tank after being conditioned to produce methane. And dehydrating the digestive juice discharged from the digestion tank to form biogas slurry and biogas residues. The biogas slurry is subjected to deamination treatment and then enters a washing tank for recycling, and can also be used as plant hydroponic liquid; and (4) drying the biogas residues, then feeding the biogas residues into a mixer, spraying and washing the biogas residues with a mesh screen, uniformly mixing the biogas residues and the mesh screen, and then feeding the biogas residues into a pyrolysis section. The products of the pyrolysis treatment are pyrolysis fuel gas and residues, and a small amount of pyrolysis tar is contained.

The water content of the biogas residues can reach below 85 percent, and the water content is reduced to be within 50 percent after further drying. The dried biogas residues and the oversize materials enter a mixer 8 together, and enter a pyrolysis drum 9 after the total water content and temperature are adjusted; the dried biogas residue can also be used as plant planting base for biogas residue utilization 7.3.

The water quality (mainly concentration indexes such as temperature, COD (chemical oxygen demand), SS (suspended solids) and the like) of the mixed conditioning pool can be conveyed to the anaerobic digestion tank after meeting certain index requirements, and the water quality index and the primary conveying capacity are determined according to the receiving capacity of the anaerobic digestion tank. After anaerobic digestion treatment, a part of organic matters are converted into biogas, and the digested materials are discharged out of the digestion tank and dehydrated to form biogas slurry and biogas residues. The biogas slurry is deaminated and returned to the washing tank to form a closed cycle. When garbage carries more water, a part of biogas slurry needs to be discharged and treated in a special flow or used as agricultural fertilizer;

the dehydrated biogas residues are solid and have certain water content, and enter a mixer to be mixed with other materials, and enter a pyrolysis section after the parameters such as water content and the like are adjusted. The main equipment of the pyrolysis section is a rotatable barrel type pyrolysis drum which is in a closed state and is isolated from oxygen during working. The temperature in the drum is 400-1200 ℃, and the pressure is a certain set working pressure. During the stay period of the materials in the drum, complex molecules are converted into simple molecules, wherein gas-phase products have certain heat value, belong to renewable energy sources, are extracted at any time, and enter a gas storage utilization system after being purified. The solid phase product is a porous residue. The residence time of the material in the pyrolysis drum is the time required for the pyrolysis process and is related to the feed characteristics. After the process is finished, discharging residues and a small amount of water, wherein the slag discharging mode can be continuous or sequencing batch;

the washing water is basically in a closed cycle state, and does not discharge waste water outwards, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the ammonia content of the biogas slurry is reduced to a certain concentration and then the biogas slurry returns to the front-end washing tank, so that the discharge of waste water can be reduced or avoided, the garbage components can be inoculated in time, and the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion system is improved. Meanwhile, the biogas slurry temperature is higher, so that the separation efficiency of the washing tank is improved, and the circulation is favorable for controlling the energy consumption of the whole system;

an oil separation device is arranged in front of a water outlet of the washing tank to control the concentration of the grease entering the anaerobic digestion tank;

other biomass such as sludge, planting and breeding wastes and the like can be added into the mixing and conditioning tank.