CN214612323U - Organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet type ash discharge fixed bed gasifier - Google Patents

本实用新型公开了有机固废套筒式导气湿式排灰固定床气化炉，所述气化炉包括进料装置、反应区炉体、炉顶气化剂进气口、中段气化剂进气口、炉底气化剂进气口、煤气出气口和排渣装置，反应区炉体包括炉壁和炉腔，炉腔中段设有套筒，套筒与炉壁之间形成有环形空腔，套筒上部为上宽下窄结构且套筒的上端止抵于炉壁，煤气出气口设在炉壁的中部且位于环形空腔所在的区域内，排渣装置设置在水中且包括灰盘、碎渣圈、炉篦支撑件和第一灰刀。该气化炉可应用于各类含碳有机固体的气化处理，解决了煤气与料层反方向移动的逆流式气化装置焦油含量多、进料口煤气泄漏的问题，同时解决了煤气与料层同方向移动的顺流式气化装置固相灰渣中含碳量高的问题。

The utility model discloses an organic solid waste sleeve type gas-conducting wet type ash-discharging fixed-bed gasifier. The gasifier comprises a feeding device, a furnace body in a reaction zone, an air inlet for a gasification agent on the top of the furnace, and a gasification agent in a middle section. Air inlet, furnace bottom gasification agent air inlet, gas outlet and slag discharge device, the furnace body in the reaction zone includes a furnace wall and a furnace cavity, a sleeve is arranged in the middle section of the furnace cavity, and an annular space is formed between the sleeve and the furnace wall The upper part of the sleeve is of a wide upper and lower narrow structure and the upper end of the sleeve stops against the furnace wall. The gas outlet is located in the middle of the furnace wall and is located in the area where the annular cavity is located. The slag discharge device is set in the water and includes ash Pan, slag ring, grate support and first ash knife. The gasifier can be applied to the gasification treatment of various carbon-containing organic solids. The problem of high carbon content in the solid phase ash of the downstream gasification device with the material layer moving in the same direction.

Organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a solid useless processing deals with and the resourceful field, particularly, the utility model relates to an organic solid useless telescopic air guide wet-type ash discharge fixed bed gasifier.

Background

At present, domestic organic solid waste with higher heat value or treated organic solid waste with higher heat value is treated by a thermochemical conversion mode, and reduction, recycling and harmlessness of the organic solid waste can be realized by the thermochemical conversion mode. The main thermochemical conversion modes include incineration, pyrolysis and gasification, wherein the incineration means that excessive air is introduced to completely oxidize organic solid waste into flue gas and incombustible solid product ash and fly ash at high temperature, the heat energy in the high-temperature flue gas is converted into electric energy for utilization, and nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine elements contained in the organic solid waste can be converted into polluting gases such as nitrogen oxide, oxysulfide, hydrogen chloride and the like under the completely oxidizing atmosphere; meanwhile, heavy metals can migrate partially into the flue gas under the high-temperature oxidation atmosphere. The pyrolysis adopts an external heating mode to crack organic components in the solid waste to generate pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis carbon, and as the organic solid waste components are complex and a large amount of nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine and oxygen elements are transferred into the pyrolysis oil, the pyrolysis oil has low quality and is difficult to be economically utilized; meanwhile, ash in the organic solid waste raw material can be enriched in the pyrolytic carbon.

At present, organic solid waste gasification furnaces are mainly a down-flow gasification furnace with gas in a material layer moving in the same direction as the material layer and a counter-flow gasification furnace with gas in the material layer moving in the opposite direction to the material layer, wherein in the down-flow gasification furnace, materials and a gasification agent simultaneously enter a furnace body from the upper end, and combustible gas is led out of the furnace body from the lower end; in the counter-flow gasification furnace, materials enter the furnace body from the upper end, a gasification agent enters the furnace body from the lower end, combustible gas is led out of the furnace body from the upper end, and the counter-flow gasification device has the problems of high tar content and coal gas leakage at a feed inlet.

At present, the domestic gasification furnace commonly used for organic solid wastes adopts a negative pressure state to realize the discharge of gas in the furnace and the control of reaction conditions in the furnace, so that the combustible gas of the device is possibly mixed with air to achieve explosion conditions to generate potential safety hazards, and meanwhile, the negative pressure state is difficult to promote the reaction rate of a series of gasification reactions in which the gas participates so as to limit the treatment capacity of the gasification furnace.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present invention aims at solving at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, the utility model aims to provide an organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace. The organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace can be applied to gasification treatment of carbon-containing organic solids such as household garbage, medical waste, organic hazardous waste, industrial organic solid waste, biomass, coal and the like, solves the problems of high tar content and coal leakage at a feed inlet of a counter-flow gasification device with coal gas moving in the opposite direction of a material layer, and simultaneously solves the problem of high carbon content in solid-phase ash slag of a concurrent gasification device with coal gas moving in the same direction of the material layer.

The utility model provides an organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace. According to the embodiment of the utility model, this organic solid useless sleeve-type air guide wet-type ash discharge fixed bed gasifier includes:

a feeding device;

the reaction zone furnace body is arranged below the feeding device and comprises a furnace wall and a furnace chamber, the upper section of the furnace chamber is provided with a material distribution device, the middle section of the furnace chamber is provided with a sleeve, the bottom of the furnace chamber is provided with a grate, an annular cavity is formed between the sleeve and the furnace wall, the upper part of the sleeve is of a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the upper end of the sleeve is abutted against the furnace wall;

a furnace top gasification agent inlet, wherein the furnace top gasification agent inlet is arranged at the upper part and/or the top part of the furnace wall and extends into the furnace cavity;

the middle-section gasification agent inlet is arranged in the middle of the furnace wall and is higher than the area where the sleeve is arranged, and the middle-section gasification agent inlet extends into the furnace cavity;

the furnace bottom gasification agent inlet is arranged at the lower part of the furnace wall and is positioned below the grate, and the furnace bottom gasification agent inlet extends into the furnace cavity and is communicated with the lower part of the grate;

the gas outlet is arranged in the middle of the furnace wall and positioned in the area where the annular cavity is located, and the gas outlet is communicated with the annular cavity;

arrange the sediment device, arrange the sediment device setting in aqueous and be located the below of reaction zone furnace body, arrange the sediment device and include ash tray, disintegrating slag circle, grate support piece and first grey sword, the ash tray sets up the below of grate, disintegrating slag circle is cyclic annular and overlaps and establish in the ash tray water seal, and disintegrating slag circle and upper portion furnace body press from both sides the cover welding together, grate support piece sets up the below of grate just is located in the disintegrating slag circle, big grey sword is the setting of coulter shape on the inside wall of ash tray

According to the organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace of the embodiment of the utility model, 1) through the arrangement of the furnace top gasifying agent air inlet, the middle section gasifying agent air inlet and the furnace bottom gasifying agent air inlet, the multistage supply of the gasifying agent can be realized, and further the stable control of an oxidation layer can be realized through the accurate and stable multistage oxidation, so that tar in the gas is fully cracked, thereby not only improving the quality of the obtained gas, but also ensuring the lower carbon content of ash; 2) the gasification requirements of the carbon-containing organic solids with different volatile matter contents and fixed carbon contents can be met by adjusting the supply amount of the gasification agent at different positions and the position of the middle section gasification agent air inlet; 3) the annular cavity formed between the furnace wall and the sleeve can realize the sedimentation of particles in the gas, thereby effectively reducing the content of the particles, meanwhile, the annular cavity area has higher heat, the gas temperature at a gas outlet of the gas is higher, and the secondary combustion is more suitable for being carried out; 4) the gas flowing mode of the upper section concurrent flow and the lower section countercurrent flow can avoid the environmental pollution caused by the gas leakage at the top feed inlet of the traditional countercurrent gasification furnace; 5) the ash tray and the disintegrating slag ring jointly form an ash tray water seal, and because certain pressure exists in the furnace, the water in the ash tray is extruded to a certain height to realize the pressure liquid seal, so that gas can emerge from the water and safely relieve pressure when the pressure in the furnace is too high, and the positive pressure state in the furnace can be effectively controlled by adopting the ash tray liquid seal wet-method slag discharge mode, thereby reducing the potential safety hazard of the gasification furnace. Therefore, the organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace can be applied to gasification treatment of carbon-containing organic solids such as household garbage, medical waste, organic hazardous waste, industrial organic solid waste, biomass, coal and the like, solves the problems of high tar content and coal leakage at a feed inlet of a counter-flow gasification device with coal gas moving in the opposite direction of a material layer, and simultaneously solves the problem of high carbon content in solid-phase ash slag of a downstream gasification device with coal gas moving in the same direction of the material layer.

In addition, according to the present invention, the organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace according to the above embodiment may further have the following additional technical features:

in some embodiments of the present invention, the slag discharging device further comprises a second ash knife and a slag breaking block, the second ash knife is disposed at the bottom of the grate support member, and the slag breaking block is disposed on the side wall of the grate support member.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the gasification device further comprises a gasification agent distribution regulator, the gasification agent distribution regulator is disposed at the outlet end of the gasification agent inlet at the bottom of the furnace and is located in the grate in a manner of moving up and down. Therefore, the gasification agent distribution regulator can better adapt to the uniform gas distribution under the condition of small flow of the gasification agent inlet at the bottom of the furnace.

In some embodiments of the invention, the outside of the furnace wall is a membrane wall or a jacket wall. Therefore, the membrane type water-cooled wall reduces the outward radiation heat of the furnace body, effectively avoids the slag bonding phenomenon caused by high temperature in the furnace, also reduces the gas temperature of the gas outlet, and can effectively avoid the safety problem of jacket explosion caused by bulging compared with the traditional mode of adopting a water jacket.

In some embodiments of the invention, the top gasifying agent inlet is a plurality of inlets arranged evenly on the upper part of the furnace wall and/or on the top of the furnace wall.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the middle-stage gasifying agent inlets is plural, and the plural middle-stage gasifying agent inlets are arranged uniformly and horizontally in the circumferential direction of the furnace wall.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the gas outlets are a plurality of gas outlets, and the plurality of gas outlets are uniformly and horizontally arranged along the circumferential direction of the furnace wall.

The utility model discloses an in some embodiments, feed arrangement includes from last to down the feed inlet, feeding surge bin upper valve, feeding surge bin lower valve, the inert gas that set gradually sweep the air inlet, the lateral part of feeding surge bin is equipped with feeding surge bin and fills the pressure release mouth. Therefore, the safety of the operation of the gasification furnace can be effectively ensured by the design of the inert gas purging air inlet and the charging and discharging pressure of the feeding buffer bin.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the height of the sleeve to the inner diameter of the reaction zone furnace body is (0.2-0.6): 1.

in some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the maximum thickness of the toroidal cavity to the inner diameter of the reaction zone furnace body is (0.1-0.3): 1.

in some embodiments of the present invention, the distance between the upper end of the sleeve and the lower valve of the feeding buffer bin is (0.4-0.8): 1.

in some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the distance between the lower end of the sleeve and the top of the grate to the height of the furnace body in the reaction area is (0.2-0.6): 1.

in some embodiments of the present invention, the inner diameter of the reaction zone furnace body is 0.3 to 8 m.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic solid waste sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the slag discharge device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of a slag discharge device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly on or directly under the second feature or indirectly via intermediate members. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

According to the embodiment of the utility model, can utilize furnace roof gasification agent air inlet, middle section gasification agent air inlet and stove bottom gasification agent air inlet to supply with the gasification agent to the reaction zone furnace body, divide into drying layer, dry distillation layer, go up the oxide layer, reduction layer, oxide layer and ash residue layer down with the reaction zone furnace body from top to bottom, make organic solid useless gasification reaction that takes place, obtain combustible gas and lime-ash, the combustible gas passes through the toroidal cavity discharge reaction zone furnace body between sleeve and the oven, wherein, the combustible gas can be coal gas. In addition, through the control of the air inflow of each stage of gasifying agent, the drying layer, the dry distillation layer and the upper oxidation layer can be positioned above the sleeve, the lower oxidation layer and the ash layer are positioned below the sleeve, and the whole sleeve area is positioned in the reduction layer.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific value of the inner diameter of the reaction zone furnace body is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the inner diameter at will according to actual conditions, and as an optimal scheme, the inner diameter of the reaction zone furnace body is 0.3-8.0 m.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses some advantages of organic solid waste sleeve formula air guide wet-type ash discharge fixed bed gasification stove are mainly reflected in: 1) the arrangement of the furnace top gasifying agent air inlet, the middle section gasifying agent air inlet and the furnace bottom gasifying agent air inlet can realize the multi-stage supply of the gasifying agent, further realize the stable control of an oxidation layer through the accurate and stable multi-stage oxidation, and fully crack tar in the fuel gas, thereby improving the quality of the obtained combustible gas and ensuring the lower carbon content of the furnace slag; 2) the gasification requirements of the carbon-containing organic solids with different volatile matter contents and fixed carbon contents can be met by adjusting the supply amount of the gasification agent at different positions and the position of the middle section gasification agent air inlet; 3) the grate gasifying agent distribution regulator can better adapt to the uniform gas distribution under the condition of small flow of the bottom gasifying agent inlet; 4) the annular cavity formed between the furnace wall and the sleeve can realize the sedimentation of particles in the gas, thereby effectively reducing the content of the particles, meanwhile, the annular cavity area has higher heat, the gas temperature at a gas outlet of the gas is higher, and the secondary combustion is more suitable for being carried out; 5) the safety of the operation of the gasification furnace can be effectively ensured by the design of the inert gas purging air inlet and the charging and discharging of the feeding buffer bin; 6) the gas flowing mode of the upper section concurrent flow and the lower section countercurrent flow can avoid the environmental pollution caused by the gas leakage at the top feed inlet of the traditional countercurrent gasification furnace; 7) the furnace is under the condition of positive pressure reaction, and compared with a negative pressure state, the gasification reaction rate is higher, and the treatment capacity of the gasification furnace is larger; 8) the positive pressure state in the furnace can be effectively controlled by adopting an ash tray liquid seal wet-method slag discharge mode, and the potential safety hazard of the gasification furnace is reduced; 9) the membrane type water-cooled wall is used for more stable cooling operation of the furnace body, and the bulging phenomenon of the water jacket can not occur.

For convenience of understanding, a method for gasification using the organic solid waste sleeve type gas guiding wet ash discharging fixed bed gasification furnace of the above embodiment is explained in detail below, and the method comprises the following steps:

(1) organic solid waste is supplied to the furnace body of the reaction area through the feeding device, and inert protective gas is blown to the lower part of the feeding device through the inert gas blowing inlet.

(2) And the gasification agent is supplied to the reaction zone furnace body through a furnace top gasification agent air inlet, a middle section gasification agent air inlet and a furnace bottom gasification agent air inlet, and the reaction zone furnace body comprises a drying layer, a dry distillation layer, an upper oxidation layer, a reduction layer, a lower oxidation layer and an ash residue layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

In this step, a gasifying agent is fed into the furnace by a blower to bring the pressure inside the furnace into a positive pressure state, the pressure inside the reaction zone furnace body is 0 to 20.0kPa (for example, 0.1kPa, 1kPa, 2kPa, 4kPa, 6kPa, 8kPa, 10kPa, 12kPa, 14kPa, 18kPa, 20kPa, etc.), the gasifying agent pressure at the gas inlet is 0 to 20kPa, and the pressure is a gauge pressure measured by a pressure gauge. Therefore, the positive pressure state is maintained in the control furnace, potential safety hazards in the negative pressure operation process are avoided, and meanwhile, compared with the negative pressure state, the gasification reaction rate is higher and the gasifier treatment capacity is larger when the positive pressure reaction condition exists in the furnace.

Further, the gasifying agent comprises at least one of water vapor, carbon dioxide, air and oxygen enrichment (oxygen concentration is 21-100 v%), so that partial oxidation of the organic solid waste is promoted to realize self-heating, and organic components are broken into non-condensable micromolecule gas as far as possible to obtain combustible gas.

Further, the gasifying agent is a mixed gas of water vapor and oxygen-enriched air, and the ratio of the mass of the water vapor to the volume of the oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 0-8.0 kg/Nm³E.g. 0, 0.1kg/Nm³、0.5kg/Nm³、1.0kg/Nm³、2.0kg/Nm³、3.0kg/Nm³、4.0kg/Nm³、5.0kg/Nm³、6.0kg/Nm³、7.0kg/Nm³、8.0kg/Nm³And the like. The utility model discloses the people discovery, when the gas mixture of vapor and oxygen boosting is adopted to the gasification agent, through the quality of control vapor and the volume ratio of oxygen in the oxygen boosting in above-mentioned scope, can make the material gasification temperature of different ash fusion points maintain below the softening point temperature of lime-ash, prevent that the lime-ash slagging scorification from influencing gasifier normal operating. Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the water vapor to the volume of the oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is set to 1.0 to 6.0kg/Nm³. If the ratio of the mass of the water vapor to the volume of the oxygen in the rich oxygen is too large, the gasification reaction temperature may be reduced, which causes the content of the effective components such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the coal gas to be reduced, and the heat value of the coal gas to be reduced. If the ratio of the mass of the water vapor to the volume of the oxygen in the rich oxygen is too small, the gasification reaction temperature may be raised to make the temperature of the oxidation layer higher than the softening point temperature of the ash, so that the ash slagging gasification furnace cannot normally operate。

Further, the gasifying agent is a mixed gas of steam and air, and the temperature of the gasifying agent is 40-70 ℃, such as 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃ and the like. The utility model discloses the people discovery, when the gas mixture of vapor and air is adopted to the gasifying agent, through the temperature of control gasifying agent in above-mentioned scope, can make the air bring into the water gas reaction that the oxidation reduction layer that proper amount vapor got into the gasifier takes place carbon and vapor, generates carbon monoxide and hydrogen. If the temperature of the gasifying agent is too low, the amount of water vapor possibly brought in is less, so that the temperature of an oxidation layer is too high, and if the temperature of the oxidation layer is higher than the softening point temperature of ash, serious slagging phenomenon can be caused, and the normal operation of the gasification furnace is influenced; if the temperature of the gasifying agent is too high, the amount of water vapor possibly brought in is too high, and the reaction temperature is too low, so that the quality of the coal gas is reduced.

Further, the gasifying agent is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and oxygen-enriched air, and the ratio of the mass of the carbon dioxide to the volume of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 0-19.5 kg/Nm³E.g. 0.10kg/Nm³、0.5kg/Nm³、1.0kg/Nm³、2.0kg/Nm³、3.0kg/Nm³、5.0kg/Nm³、8.0kg/Nm³、10.0kg/Nm³、12.0kg/Nm³、15.0kg/Nm³、16.0kg/Nm³、18.0kg/Nm³、19.5.0kg/Nm³And the like, so that carbon dioxide and carbon are subjected to reduction reaction to generate carbon monoxide, the heat of the reaction layer is absorbed, the temperature of the reaction layer is maintained in a reasonable range, and the quality of coal gas and slag are kept from slagging. Preferably, the ratio of the mass of carbon dioxide to the volume of oxygen in the enriched oxygen is set to 1.0 to 15.0kg/Nm³. Utility model people find that if the ratio of the mass of carbon dioxide to the volume of oxygen in the oxygen enrichment is too large, the temperature of a reaction layer is possibly reduced too much, thereby leading to poor gas quality.

Furthermore, the air inflow of the top gasification agent air inlet and the middle gasification agent air inlet is 30% -90% (e.g. 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, etc.) of the total air inflow of the gasification agents, wherein the air inflow of the top gasification agent air inlet is 70% -90% (e.g. 70%, 80%, 90%, etc.) of the total air inflow of the top gasification agent air inlet and the middle gasification agent air inlet, and the air inflow of the middle gasification agent air inlet is 10% -30% (e.g. 10%, 20%, 30%, etc.) of the total air inflow of the top gasification agent air inlet and the middle gasification agent air inlet; the air inflow of the bottom gasification agent air inlet is 10% -70% (such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and the like) of the total air inflow of the gasification agent, so that volatile matters generating tar in the upper oxidation layer can be directly oxidized into coal gas by oxygen in the gasification agent by controlling the air inflow of each air inlet of the gasification furnace within the range, the generation of tar is avoided, and simultaneously carbon in the lower oxidation layer is oxidized into coal gas by oxygen in the gasification agent.

Further, the temperature of the dry layer is 20 to 200 ℃ (e.g., 20 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 140 ℃, 180 ℃, 200 ℃, etc.), the temperature of the dry distillation layer is 200 to 600 ℃ (e.g., 200 ℃, 250 ℃, 300 ℃, 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 600 ℃, etc.), the temperature of the upper oxidation layer is 600 to 1200 ℃ (e.g., 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃, etc.), the temperature of the reduction layer is 600 to 1100 ℃ (e.g., 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, etc.), the temperature of the lower oxidation layer is 600 to 1100 ℃ (e.g., 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, etc.), and the temperature of the ash layer is 200 to 600 ℃ (e.g., 200 ℃, 250 ℃, 300 ℃, 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃, etc.). Therefore, by controlling the temperature of each reaction area in the gasification furnace to be in the range, the reaction layer of the oxidation layer can maintain reasonable reaction temperature, the quality of coal gas is ensured, and meanwhile, the reaction temperature of ash is lower than the softening point, and no slagging occurs.

(3) And (3) carrying out gasification reaction on the organic solid waste to obtain combustible gas and ash, and discharging the combustible gas out of the reaction zone furnace body through an annular cavity between the sleeve and the furnace wall.

(4) And discharging the ash into an ash tray, crushing the ash through extrusion of a grate support and a slag crushing ring and rotation of the grate support, and discharging the crushed ash out of the ash tray along the direction of a first ash knife.

Therefore, the organic solid waste gasification method can be applied to gasification treatment of carbon-containing organic solids such as household garbage, medical waste, organic hazardous waste, industrial organic solid waste, biomass, coal and the like, solves the problems of high tar content and coal leakage at a feed inlet of a counter-flow gasification device with coal gas moving in the opposite direction of a material layer, and solves the problem of high carbon content in solid-phase ash slag of a co-flow gasification device with coal gas moving in the same direction of the material layer.

The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.

Example 1

The structure of the sleeve type gas guide wet ash discharge fixed bed gasification furnace for organic solid wastes is shown in figures 1-3, wherein in figures 1-3: 1-feeding hole, 2-feeding buffer bin upper valve, 3-feeding buffer bin, 4-feeding buffer bin lower valve, 5-feeding buffer bin pressure charging and releasing hole, 6-furnace top gasifying agent air inlet, 7-distributing device, 8-sleeve, 9-furnace wall (gasifying furnace body), 10-gas air outlet, 11-membrane water-cooled wall, 12-grate, 13-ash tray, 14-furnace bottom gasifying agent air inlet, 15-grate gasifying agent distribution regulator, 16-middle section gasifying agent air inlet, 17-inert gas purging air inlet, 18-furnace chamber, 19-annular cavity, 20-slag ring, 21-first ash knife, 22-grate supporting piece, 23-second ash knife and 24-slag breaking block.

(1) Feeding of the feedstock

(2) Gasifying agent air inlet

(3) Gasification process

(4) Slag discharge

(5) Gas outlet

The following concrete examples of the operation of the gasification furnace are as follows:

the inner diameter of the gasifier is 3.2m, the treated material is sludge, and the treatment capacity is 2800 kg/h. The main operating conditions and gasification results were as follows:

(1) industrial analysis of materials is shown in the following Table

(2) The operating conditions are as follows:

gasification pressure: 1000 Pa;

gasifying agent: air + water vapor;

air (a)Quantity: 2500Nm³/h；

Amount of water vapor: 160 kg/h.

(3) And (3) gasification result:

gas production: 3300Nm³/h；

The fuel gas comprises the following components: h₂：11.88％，CO：14.10％，CH₄：1.30％，CO₂：12.90％，N₂：59.20％，O₂：0.50％，C_nH_m：0.12％；

Gasification efficiency: 63%;

carbon content of ash: 3.3 percent;

the tar content of the fuel gas is as follows:<1g/Nm³。

in the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.