TWI394342B - Charge protecting device - Google Patents

充電保護裝置 Charging protection device

本發明涉及一種充電保護裝置，特別涉及一種於電池充電過程中溫度過高或過低時為其提供保護之充電保護裝置。 The invention relates to a charging protection device, in particular to a charging protection device for protecting a battery when the temperature is too high or too low during charging.

充電電池之充電過程必須於適當之溫度下進行。於過高或過低之溫度下進行充電都可能對電池及充電器造成損害，嚴重時甚至會發生爆炸事故。因此，有必要於充電電路中設置充電溫度保護裝置，於溫度過高或過低時自動停止充電以保護電池及充電器。 The charging process of the rechargeable battery must be carried out at an appropriate temperature. Charging at temperatures that are too high or too low can cause damage to the battery and charger, and even explosions can occur in severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to set the charging temperature protection device in the charging circuit to automatically stop charging when the temperature is too high or too low to protect the battery and the charger.

請參閱圖1，一習知之充電保護裝置10由一控制晶片101、一控制開關102及一熱敏電阻(Thermistor)103組成。控制晶片101及控制開關102裝設於一充電器11或其他充電電路中，該控制開關102與該控制晶片101電性連接，用於控制充電電路之通斷。熱敏電阻103裝設於一電池12中。 Referring to FIG. 1 , a conventional charging protection device 10 is composed of a control chip 101 , a control switch 102 and a thermistor 103 . The control chip 101 and the control switch 102 are mounted in a charger 11 or other charging circuit. The control switch 102 is electrically connected to the control chip 101 for controlling the switching of the charging circuit. The thermistor 103 is mounted in a battery 12.

充電時，充電器11與一電源(圖未示)電性連接，電池12通過該控制開關102與充電器11電性連接，同時該控制晶片101與該熱敏電阻103電性連接。控制開關102開啟時，充電電路接通，電源可以通過充電器11為電池12充電。當充電過程中電池12之溫度產生變化時，熱敏電阻103之阻值隨之變化，並被控制晶片101所感知。這樣，控制晶片101通過監測熱敏電阻103之阻值即可監測電池12之溫度。當電池12溫度過高或過低以致超出設定之安全範圍時，控制晶片101即可自動執行保護措施，關閉控制開關102而斷開充電電路，以保護電池12與充電器11。 During charging, the charger 11 is electrically connected to a power source (not shown). The battery 12 is electrically connected to the charger 11 through the control switch 102, and the control chip 101 is electrically connected to the thermistor 103. When the control switch 102 is turned on, the charging circuit is turned on, and the power source can charge the battery 12 through the charger 11. When the temperature of the battery 12 changes during charging, the resistance of the thermistor 103 changes and is sensed by the control wafer 101. Thus, the control wafer 101 can monitor the temperature of the battery 12 by monitoring the resistance of the thermistor 103. When the temperature of the battery 12 is too high or too low to exceed the set safe range, the control wafer 101 can automatically perform the protection measure, and the control switch 102 is turned off to turn off the charging circuit to protect the battery 12 and the charger 11.

然而，於運算量較大之情況下，控制晶片101往往因自身記憶體容量與運算速度等多方面之限制而導致不能及時處理相關指令與資料，暫時出現當機/死機之現象。於此期間控制晶片101無法進行運算及發出指令，從而不能監測電池12之溫度，也不能及時地執行溫度保護措施。此時，電池12及充電器11很可能因過高或過低之溫度而損壞甚至發生事故。 However, in the case where the amount of calculation is large, the control chip 101 often cannot process related instructions and data in time due to limitations of its own memory capacity and operation speed, and temporarily crashes/deads. During this period, the control wafer 101 cannot perform calculations and issue commands, so that the temperature of the battery 12 cannot be monitored, and temperature protection measures cannot be performed in time. At this time, the battery 12 and the charger 11 are likely to be damaged or even have an accident due to excessively high or too low temperatures.

有鑒於此，有必要提供一種更加安全及時之充電保護裝置。 In view of this, it is necessary to provide a more secure and timely charging protection device.

一種充電保護裝置，於使用一充電器向一電池充電之過程中向該充電器及電池提供保護。該充電保護裝置包括一振盪器、一電容、一電阻及一控制開關。該振盪器、該電容與該電阻構成一振盪電路，該控制開關以該電阻與該電容之間之電壓作為其輸入，並根據該輸入電壓確定自身之通斷狀態。 A charging protection device provides protection to a charger and a battery during charging of a battery using a charger. The charging protection device comprises an oscillator, a capacitor, a resistor and a control switch. The oscillator, the capacitor and the resistor form an oscillating circuit, and the control switch uses a voltage between the resistor and the capacitor as its input, and determines its own on-off state according to the input voltage.

與習知技術相比，本發明提供之充電保護裝置不會出現因控制晶片之當機/死機而導致充電溫度保護措施失靈之情況，具有更高之安全性，且結構簡單，成本低廉。 Compared with the prior art, the charging protection device provided by the invention does not suffer from the failure of the charging temperature protection measure due to the control/crash of the control chip, has higher security, simple structure and low cost.

(習知) (known)

10‧‧‧充電保護裝置 10‧‧‧Charging protection device

101‧‧‧控制晶片 101‧‧‧Control chip

102‧‧‧控制開關 102‧‧‧Control switch

103‧‧‧熱敏電阻 103‧‧‧Thermistor

11‧‧‧充電器 11‧‧‧Charger

12‧‧‧電池 12‧‧‧Battery

(本發明) (this invention)

20‧‧‧充電保護裝置 20‧‧‧Charging protection device

201‧‧‧振盪器 201‧‧‧Oscillator

202‧‧‧控制開關 202‧‧‧Control switch

203‧‧‧電容 203‧‧‧ Capacitance

204‧‧‧電阻 204‧‧‧resistance

21‧‧‧充電器 21‧‧‧Charger

22‧‧‧電池 22‧‧‧Battery

圖1為習知充電保護裝置之結構框圖；圖2為本發明充電保護裝置之結構框圖。 1 is a structural block diagram of a conventional charging protection device; and FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a charging protection device according to the present invention.

請參閱圖2，本發明之一個較佳實施例為一種充電保護裝置20，其於電池充電過程中防止過高或過低之溫度對電池及充電器造成損害。該充電保護裝置20可以獨立設置，亦可裝設於習知之充電器或電池中。 Referring to FIG. 2, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a charging protection device 20 that prevents damage to the battery and the charger from excessively high or low temperatures during battery charging. The charging protection device 20 can be independently provided or installed in a conventional charger or battery.

該充電保護裝置20包括一振盪器201、一控制開關202、一電容203及一電 阻204。該振盪器201用於產生預定頻率之振盪信號。該控制開關202用於控制充電電路之通斷，且該控制開關202之通斷狀態被設定為由其輸入電壓決定：當輸入高電平時該控制開關202為斷開狀態，當輸入低電平時該控制開關202為連通狀態。 The charging protection device 20 includes an oscillator 201, a control switch 202, a capacitor 203, and an electric Resistance 204. The oscillator 201 is operative to generate an oscillating signal of a predetermined frequency. The control switch 202 is used for controlling the on and off of the charging circuit, and the on/off state of the control switch 202 is set to be determined by its input voltage: when the high level is input, the control switch 202 is in an off state, when the input is low level The control switch 202 is in a connected state.

該電容203為Z5U型電容，特性是其容量隨溫度變化而變化，於溫度適中時容量較大，溫度過高或過低時容量明顯減小。該電容203之一極板與該電阻204電性連接，該電阻204與該振盪器201電性連接；該電容203之另一極板則接地，從而使該振盪器201、該電阻204與該電容203構成一振盪電路。該電阻204與該電容203之間之連接線路上設有一節點X，該控制開關202與該節點X電性連接，以該節點X之電壓V_X作為該控制開關202之輸入電壓，根據V_X之高低確定控制開關202之通斷狀態。 The capacitor 203 is a Z5U type capacitor, and its characteristic is that its capacity changes with temperature, and the capacity is large when the temperature is moderate, and the capacity is significantly reduced when the temperature is too high or too low. One of the capacitors 203 is electrically connected to the resistor 204. The resistor 204 is electrically connected to the oscillator 201. The other plate of the capacitor 203 is grounded, so that the oscillator 201, the resistor 204 and the resistor are The capacitor 203 constitutes an oscillating circuit. A node X is disposed on the connection line between the resistor 204 and the capacitor 203. The control switch 202 is electrically connected to the node X. The voltage V _{X of} the node X is used as an input voltage of the control switch 202 according to V _{X .} The level of the control switch 202 is determined to be on and off.

使用時，一習知之充電器21通過該控制開關202與一習知之電池22電性連接，然後將該充電器21連上電源(圖未示)，並將該充電保護裝置20置於便於感測周圍環境溫度變化之位置，即可通過該充電器21及該充電保護裝置20對該電池22進行充電，且能夠通過控制開關202之通斷來維持或結束充電過程。 In use, a conventional charger 21 is electrically connected to a conventional battery 22 through the control switch 202, and then the charger 21 is connected to a power source (not shown), and the charging protection device 20 is placed in a convenient sense. The battery 22 can be charged by the charger 21 and the charging protection device 20 by measuring the position of the ambient temperature change, and the charging process can be maintained or terminated by controlling the opening and closing of the switch 202.

充電過程中，振盪器201持續地產生振盪信號，與電阻204及電容203構成振盪電路。可以理解，該振盪信號之能量來源可以是上述之充電電源，亦可是另外設置之專供振盪器201使用之電源。根據振盪電路之原理得知，若振盪器201輸出之振盪信號之頻率為ω，電容203之容量為C，電阻204之阻值為R，則節點X處輸出之電壓(亦即該電容203與該電阻204連接之一極板之電壓)V_X之值可以按照如下公式計算：V_X=(1/jωC)/[R+(1/jωC)]=1/(1+jωCR)。 During charging, the oscillator 201 continuously generates an oscillating signal, and the resistor 204 and the capacitor 203 constitute an oscillating circuit. It can be understood that the energy source of the oscillating signal may be the above-mentioned charging power source, or may be another power source specially provided for the oscillator 201. According to the principle of the oscillating circuit, if the frequency of the oscillating signal outputted by the oscillator 201 is ω, the capacity of the capacitor 203 is C, and the resistance of the resistor 204 is R, the voltage output at the node X (ie, the capacitor 203 and The voltage of the resistor 204 connected to one of the plates) V _X can be calculated according to the following formula: V _X = (1/jωC) / [R + (1/jωC)] = 1 / (1 + jωCR).

可以看出，當電容203之容量C越大，則V_X越低；反之，當電容203之容量C越小，則V_X越高。 It can be seen that when the capacity C of the capacitor 203 is larger, the V _{X is} lower; conversely, when the capacity C of the capacitor 203 is smaller, the V _{X is} higher.

由於Z5U型電容本身之特性，當溫度過高或過低時，電容203之容量C都會有明顯之減小。因此，當溫度過高或過低時，C之值都會減小而導致V_X升高，而溫度適中時C值較大，V_X較低。利用上述原理，將溫度過高或過低時輸出之較高之V_X設定為高電平，將溫度適中時輸出之較高之V_X設定為低電平。這樣，因為控制開關202以V_X作為其輸入，故該控制開關202可以於溫度過高或過低時因輸入高電平而斷開，於溫度適中時因輸入低電平而連通。通過上述方法，即可通過該充電保護裝置20實現於溫度適中時正常充電，而於溫度過高或過低時自動停止充電之目之。 Due to the characteristics of the Z5U type capacitor itself, when the temperature is too high or too low, the capacity C of the capacitor 203 is significantly reduced. Therefore, when the temperature is too high or too low, the value of C decreases and V _X rises, while when the temperature is moderate, the C value is larger and V _{X is} lower. According to the above principle, the higher V _{X of the} output when the temperature is too high or too low is set to a high level, and the higher V _{X of the} output when the temperature is moderate is set to a low level. Thus, since the control switch 202 has V _X as its input, the control switch 202 can be turned off by inputting a high level when the temperature is too high or too low, and connected by a low level when the temperature is moderate. Through the above method, the charging protection device 20 can realize normal charging when the temperature is moderate, and automatically stop charging when the temperature is too high or too low.

顯然，V_X於不同溫度下之輸出應該屬於高電平還是低電平之標準並不是固定之，溫度範圍可以根據具體需要而設定。一般來說，對於Z5U型之電容203，可以設定當溫度高於60℃或低於0℃時輸出之V_X為高電平，設定當溫度處於0℃-60℃之間時輸出之V_X為低電平，亦即令該充電保護裝置20之控制開關202於溫度處於0℃-60℃時連通而對電池22維持正常充電，於溫度高於60℃或低於0℃時斷開而自動停止充電，即可滿足大多數場合對安全性之要求。當然，為了使該充電保護裝置20能夠適用於更多不同之充電溫度範圍，電容203亦可更換為其他型號之電容，只要該電容203之容量能夠隨溫度變化而變化即可。不同型號之電容203之容量分別於不同之溫度範圍內發生明顯變化，根據各種不同型號之電容203之容量隨溫度變化之特性，可以分別確定多種由該充電保護裝置20控制之充電溫度範圍。 Obviously, the standard for whether V _X should be high or low at different temperatures is not fixed. The temperature range can be set according to specific needs. In general, for the capacitor 203 Z5U-type, the output may be set when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃ or below 0 ℃ V _X is high, when the temperature is set between the output 0 ℃ -60 ℃ V _X The low level, that is, the control switch 202 of the charging protection device 20 is connected to maintain the normal charging of the battery 22 when the temperature is between 0 ° C and 60 ° C, and is automatically turned off when the temperature is higher than 60 ° C or lower than 0 ° C. Stop charging to meet the safety requirements of most occasions. Of course, in order to enable the charging protection device 20 to be applied to more different charging temperature ranges, the capacitor 203 can also be replaced with other types of capacitors, as long as the capacity of the capacitor 203 can be changed with temperature. The capacities of the capacitors 203 of different types vary significantly in different temperature ranges. According to the characteristics of the capacitance of the different types of capacitors 203 as a function of temperature, a plurality of charging temperature ranges controlled by the charging protection device 20 can be respectively determined.

可以理解，與習知技術相比，本發明提供之充電保護裝置20無須使用控制晶片，從而避免了因控制晶片出現當機/死機致使充電保護功能無法正常實現之情況，不易發生故障。另外，該充電保護裝置20結構簡單，便於製造 ，成本低廉。 It can be understood that, compared with the prior art, the charging protection device 20 provided by the present invention does not need to use the control chip, thereby avoiding the situation that the charging protection function cannot be normally realized due to the occurrence of the crash/dead of the control chip, and the failure is not easy to occur. In addition, the charging protection device 20 has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. ,low cost.

綜上所述，本發明符合發明專利要件，爰依法提出專利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例，本發明之範圍並不以上述實施例為限，舉凡熟悉本案技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍內。 In summary, the present invention complies with the requirements of the invention patent and submits a patent application according to law. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and equivalent modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art in light of the spirit of the present invention are It should be covered by the following patent application.

20‧‧‧充電保護裝置 20‧‧‧Charging protection device

201‧‧‧振盪器 201‧‧‧Oscillator

202‧‧‧控制開關 202‧‧‧Control switch

203‧‧‧電容 203‧‧‧ Capacitance

204‧‧‧電阻 204‧‧‧resistance

21‧‧‧充電器 21‧‧‧Charger

22‧‧‧電池 22‧‧‧Battery