TWI433060B - Slope displacement monitoring and warning system - Google Patents

邊坡位移監測預警系統Slope displacement monitoring and early warning system

本發明係關於一種邊坡位移監測預警系統，尤指一種適用於監測當邊坡上發生位移狀況，並會發出預警訊號之邊坡位移監測預警系統。The invention relates to a slope displacement monitoring and early warning system, in particular to a slope displacement monitoring and early warning system suitable for monitoring the displacement state on the slope and issuing an early warning signal.

台灣地窄人稠且地勢多以丘陵、山坡為主，因此隨著社會經濟的高度開發，對於土地之需求日益增加，使得山坡地的開發成為勢在必行。Taiwan is narrow and dense, and the terrain is dominated by hills and hillsides. Therefore, with the development of social economy, the demand for land is increasing, making the development of hillsides imperative.

此外，台灣屬海島型氣候，平時氣候即溫暖多雨，而每逢颱風或是梅雨季節時，更常有暴雨成災而導致山坡地之類的邊坡產生移動，甚或造成土石流等狀況，此天然之環境因素造就了台灣對如何能更有效地監控或預警此等狀況之發生，將有更強烈之需求。In addition, Taiwan is an island-type climate. The climate is warm and rainy. In the typhoon or the rainy season, there are often heavy rains that cause the slopes such as hillsides to move, or even cause earth and stone flow. The environmental factors have created a stronger demand for Taiwan to monitor and warn of such conditions more effectively.

然而，目前現有之邊坡監測預警系統仍未有完善的架構。其中，目前所發展出主要用於邊坡發生土石流的監測系統，一般可分為接觸型、及非接觸型兩種形式。However, the existing slope monitoring and early warning system still has no perfect structure. Among them, the monitoring system mainly used for the occurrence of earth and rock flow on the slope is currently divided into two types: contact type and non-contact type.

接觸型監測系統具有準確性高、容易決定疏散時機點等優點，但由於接觸型監測系統係直接量測土石流發生時之現象，因此能提供之應變時間相對短暫，而且因我國土石流流路較短，因此難以實際用於實際發佈土石流警戒之參考。The contact type monitoring system has the advantages of high accuracy and easy determination of the evacuation timing. However, since the contact type monitoring system directly measures the occurrence of the earth and rock flow, the strain time that can be provided is relatively short, and because the earth and rock flow path is short. Therefore, it is difficult to actually use it for the actual release of the earth-rock flow warning.

而非接觸型監測系統則藉由事前統計出該地區歷次土石流發生時之雨量資料，並將該雨量定為「土石流警戒基準值」，當日後該地區發生超過土石流警戒基準值的雨量值時，即表土石流極可能發生。此非接觸型監測系統雖然能提供較長的應變時間，然而準確性較差。The non-contact monitoring system calculates the rainfall data of the previous occurrences of the earth-rock flow in the area and sets the rainfall as the “ground-rock warning standard value”. When the rainfall value exceeds the baseline value of the earth-rock flow warning value in the area in the future, That is, the topsoil flow is extremely likely to occur. Although this non-contact type monitoring system can provide a longer strain time, the accuracy is poor.

因此，一種能即時監測在邊坡產生位移狀況時，並提早發出預警訊號的邊坡位移監測預警系統時為目前產業上所迫切需要者。Therefore, a slope displacement monitoring and early warning system that can immediately monitor the displacement of the slope and issue an early warning signal early is an urgent need in the industry.

本發明之主要目的係在提供一種邊坡位移監測預警系統，俾能準確地監控並在邊坡發生位移狀況前，即時提供預警通報之邊坡位移監測預警系統。The main object of the present invention is to provide a slope displacement monitoring and early warning system, which can accurately monitor and provide an early warning notification of the slope displacement monitoring and early warning system before the slope occurs.

為達成上述目的，本發明為一種邊坡位移監測預警系統，主要包括：二個含水位測量裝置，係分設於山坡地之不同高度處，每一含水位測量裝置包括量水管、水位感測器、無線傳輸模組、及控制模組，控制模組電性連接含水位感測器、及無線傳輸模組；量水管埋設於山坡地內；含水位感測器容設於量水管內，控制模組控制含水位感測器量測量水管內之含水高度為含水高度，並控制無線傳輸模組發送含水高度。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a slope displacement monitoring and early warning system, which mainly comprises: two water level measuring devices, which are arranged at different heights of a hillside, each water level measuring device includes a water pipe and a water level sensing device. Device, wireless transmission module, and control module, the control module is electrically connected to the water level sensor and the wireless transmission module; the water pipe is buried in the hillside; the water level sensor is accommodated in the measuring water pipe, The control module controls the water level sensor to measure the water content in the water pipe as the water level, and controls the wireless transmission module to send the water level.

另外，控制器包括有運算單元、無線傳輸單元、及儲存單元，運算單元電性連接無線傳輸單元、及儲存單元，儲存單元儲存有山坡地之土壤參數，其包括土壤凝聚力土壤內摩擦角、土壤單位重、水單位重、單位長度及垂直應力，運算單元控制無線傳輸單元接收二個含水位測量裝置之無線傳輸模組所分別發送之含水高度，並運算含水高度之高度差絕對值，運算單元將高度差絕對值與土壤凝聚力、垂直應力、土壤單位重、水單位重、單位長度及內摩擦角依據下列計算式計算出安全係數，運算單元比對當安全係數小於1時，便輸出警示訊號；上述計算式定義如下：In addition, the controller includes an operation unit, a wireless transmission unit, and a storage unit. The operation unit is electrically connected to the wireless transmission unit and the storage unit. The storage unit stores the soil parameters of the hillside, including the soil cohesion soil internal friction angle and the soil. Unit weight, water unit weight, unit length and vertical stress, the arithmetic unit controls the wireless transmission unit to receive the water content heights respectively transmitted by the wireless transmission modules of the two water level measuring devices, and calculates the absolute value of the height difference of the water content height, the arithmetic unit The absolute value of the height difference and the soil cohesion, vertical stress, soil unit weight, water unit weight, unit length and internal friction angle are calculated according to the following calculation formula. When the operation unit is compared, when the safety factor is less than 1, the warning signal is output. The above formula is defined as follows:

F.S.=(c+σ tanψ)*1/[dh/2*Ue]+[dh*Uw]；F.S.=(c+σ tanψ)*1/[dh/2*Ue]+[dh*Uw];

其中，c為土壤凝聚力，σ為山坡地之垂直應力，ψ為土壤的內摩擦角，dh為第一含水高度與第二含水高度之高度差絕對值，Ue為土壤單位重及Uw為水單位重，經由上式可知，安全係數的定義為該山坡地破壞圓弧上抗剪強度之抵抗力矩與該山坡地破壞土體重量之驅動力矩相除。Where c is the soil cohesion, σ is the vertical stress of the hillside, ψ is the internal friction angle of the soil, dh is the absolute difference of the height difference between the first water level and the second water level, Ue is the soil unit weight and Uw is the water unit According to the above formula, the safety factor is defined as the resistance torque of the shear strength of the slope on the hillside is divided by the driving torque of the soil mass of the hillside.

較佳的是，本發明之邊坡位移監測預警系統中，每一量水管各包括有側面壁，且側面壁開設有複數個通孔。因此，山坡地內所含之地下水以及由於雨量等因素所造成山坡地之土壤含水量增加，其土壤中所含的水均可透過開設於量水管側面壁的複數個通孔而分別流入各量水管中，俾利水位之量測。此外，本發明之每一含水位測量裝置更包括有一太陽能電池，其係分別電性連接至各控制模組。因此，可以藉由太陽能電池之功效，而對各別的含水位測量裝置分別提供其所需之電能，所以即無須再設置其他供電的線路裝置。Preferably, in the slope displacement monitoring and warning system of the present invention, each of the water pipes comprises a side wall, and the side wall is provided with a plurality of through holes. Therefore, the groundwater contained in the hillside and the soil water content of the hillside are increased due to factors such as rainfall, and the water contained in the soil can flow into each quantity through a plurality of through holes opened in the side wall of the measuring water pipe. In the water pipe, the measurement of the profit level. In addition, each of the water level measuring devices of the present invention further includes a solar battery electrically connected to each of the control modules. Therefore, the respective water level measuring devices can be respectively supplied with the required electric energy by the effect of the solar battery, so that it is no longer necessary to provide other power supply line devices.

再且，本發明之邊坡位移監測預警系統，其更包括有通報設備，係設置於山坡地上或其周遭處，通報設備包括有無線接收模組、警示單元、及控制單元，控制單元電性連接無線接收模組、及警示單元；以及，本發明之邊坡位移監測預警系統亦另包括有可攜式電子裝置。當控制器之運算單元經比對安全係數小於1時，無線傳輸單元會發送警示訊號，則通報裝置之無線接收模組與可攜式電子裝置在接收警示訊號後，通報設備之控制單元會控制警示單元發出警示通報；而可攜式電子裝置則會輸出警示訊號。所以，本發明之通報裝置可以設置在所監測的邊坡等地點上之週遭警戒區域，當無線接收模組接收到警示訊號後，利用警示單元而進行通報。警示單元可為語音廣播裝置、顯示器、警鈴或喇叭、以及其他等效之通報設備。Furthermore, the slope displacement monitoring and early warning system of the present invention further includes a notification device, which is disposed on or in the hillside, and the notification device includes a wireless receiving module, a warning unit, and a control unit, and the control unit is electrically The wireless receiving module and the warning unit are connected; and the slope displacement monitoring and warning system of the present invention further includes a portable electronic device. When the computing unit of the controller compares the safety factor to less than 1, the wireless transmission unit sends a warning signal, and the wireless receiving module and the portable electronic device of the notification device receive the warning signal, and the control unit of the notification device controls The alert unit issues a warning notification; the portable electronic device outputs a warning signal. Therefore, the notification device of the present invention can be disposed in the surrounding warning area on the monitored slope and the like, and when the wireless receiving module receives the warning signal, it uses the warning unit to notify. The alert unit can be a voice broadcast device, a display, an alarm or a horn, and other equivalent notification devices.

另外，在本發明中可攜式電子裝置可為一般手機、個人數位助理(PDA)、便攜式電腦、GPS導航機、或其他等效並具通信功能之電子機器，並藉此可攜式電子裝置的功能，本發明之系統可以透過簡訊、語音、或其他無線傳輸的形式來進行警示通報。In addition, in the present invention, the portable electronic device can be a general mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable computer, a GPS navigation machine, or other electronic device equivalent to a communication function, and thereby the portable electronic device The functionality of the system of the present invention can be communicated via SMS, voice, or other form of wireless transmission.

再者，本發明之邊坡位移監測預警系統，每一含水位測量裝置更包括有GPS定位感測模組，其電性連接至控制模組，且控制模組會控制GPS定位感測模組進行含水位測量裝置的定位偵測。當GPS定位感測器偵測到邊坡有發生位移時，控制器控制輸出位移通報。因此，透過GPS定位感測模組的作用，而得以在邊坡發生位移時，能即時警示發出位移通報，而得到較長的預警時間。另外，藉由GPS定位感測模組的功能，可不限於在由於豪大雨所造成土壤含水量過大而使邊坡發生位移時才具有預警通報的效果，其他在如地震、走山等天災發生而造成所監測之山坡地等區域發生位移時，亦會產生位移通報的訊息來藉以達到預警之功效。Furthermore, in the slope displacement monitoring and early warning system of the present invention, each water level measuring device further comprises a GPS positioning sensing module electrically connected to the control module, and the control module controls the GPS positioning sensing module. Perform position detection of the water level measuring device. When the GPS positioning sensor detects that a displacement has occurred on the slope, the controller controls the output displacement notification. Therefore, through the action of the GPS positioning sensing module, when the displacement of the slope occurs, the displacement notification can be immediately alerted, and a long warning time is obtained. In addition, the function of the GPS positioning sensing module is not limited to the effect of early warning notification when the slope is displaced due to excessive moisture content caused by heavy rain, and other natural disasters such as earthquakes and mountains occur. When the displacement of the monitored hillsides and other areas occurs, a message of displacement notification will also be generated to achieve the effect of early warning.

再者，本發明之邊坡位移監測預警系統，每一含水位測量裝置更包括有監視攝影機，其係電性連接控制器，控制器控制監視攝影機拍攝山坡地，並控制無線傳輸模組發送監視攝影機所拍攝之影像。所以，結合使用監視攝影機與GPS定位感測模組，可以確認所監測的山坡地發生的實際狀況係為土石流亦或是地震造成的山崩等，而及時地對實際情況做出最有利的判斷處理。Furthermore, in the slope displacement monitoring and early warning system of the present invention, each water level measuring device further comprises a monitoring camera, which is electrically connected to the controller, the controller controls the monitoring camera to photograph the hillside, and controls the wireless transmission module to send and monitor. The image taken by the camera. Therefore, combined with the use of surveillance cameras and GPS positioning sensing modules, it can be confirmed that the actual situation of the monitored hillsides is caused by earth-rock flow or landslides caused by earthquakes, and the most favorable judgment is made on the actual situation in time. .

此外，本發明之各含水高度係分別自海平面算起之高度。當然，不以此為限，凡能準確量測到兩個含水位高度之絕對差值的即可。並且，本發明之各量水管中所含之含水位感測器為一浮標式含水位感測器，其可直接量測自海平面起算之高度。然本發明不以浮標式含水位感測器為限，其他接觸式或非接觸式之等效的水位量測方式皆可運用於本發明中。Further, each of the water-bearing heights of the present invention is a height from the sea level. Of course, without this limit, it is sufficient to accurately measure the absolute difference between the heights of the two water levels. Moreover, the water level sensor contained in each water pipe of the present invention is a buoy type water level sensor, which can directly measure the height from the sea level. However, the present invention is not limited to a buoy type water level sensor, and other contact or non-contact equivalent water level measurement methods can be applied to the present invention.

併入且構成本說明書之一部分的附圖說明本發明之實施型態，且用於同以上概要說明與以下實施型態詳細說明來說明本發明之原理。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in FIG.

請同時參照第1圖及第2圖，第1圖係本發明邊坡位移監測預警系統一較佳實施例之示意圖，第2圖係本發明邊坡位移監測預警系統一較佳實施例之系統架構圖。如圖中所示，本發明邊坡位移監測預警系統，主要包括有第一含水位測量裝置2、第二含水位測量裝置3、控制器4、可攜式電子裝置5及通報裝置6。本實施例雖然只顯示含水位測量裝置2,3，惟不以此為限亦可設置多個，以增加準確度、或擴大監測預警之範圍。Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 simultaneously. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the slope displacement monitoring and warning system of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a system of a preferred embodiment of the slope displacement monitoring and warning system of the present invention. Architecture diagram. As shown in the figure, the slope displacement monitoring and early warning system of the present invention mainly comprises a first water level measuring device 2, a second water level measuring device 3, a controller 4, a portable electronic device 5 and a notification device 6. Although only the water level measuring device 2, 3 is shown in this embodiment, a plurality of the water level measuring devices 2, 3 may be provided to increase the accuracy or expand the scope of the monitoring and early warning.

其中，第一含水位測量裝置2包括第一量水管21、第一水位感測器22、第一無線傳輸模組23、第一太陽能電池24、第一攝影機25、及第一控制模組20。第一控制模組20電性連接第一含水位感測器22、第一太陽能電池24、第一攝影機25、及第一無線傳輸模組23。第一量水管21埋設於山坡地S內，亦即本系統所監測之地點，且第一含水位感測器22容設於第一量水管21內。其中，第一量水管21包括有側面壁211，側面壁211開設有複數個第一通孔212。據此，山坡地內S所蘊含的地下水可透過複數個第一通孔212而流入第一量水管21內，以供準確量測水位。The first water level measuring device 2 includes a first quantity water pipe 21, a first water level sensor 22, a first wireless transmission module 23, a first solar battery 24, a first camera 25, and a first control module 20. . The first control module 20 is electrically connected to the first water level sensor 22, the first solar battery 24, the first camera 25, and the first wireless transmission module 23. The first water pipe 21 is embedded in the hillside land S, that is, the location monitored by the system, and the first water level sensor 22 is accommodated in the first water pipe 21. The first water pipe 21 includes a side wall 211 , and the side wall 211 defines a plurality of first through holes 212 . Accordingly, the groundwater contained in the S in the hillside can flow into the first quantity of water pipes 21 through the plurality of first through holes 212 for accurate measurement of the water level.

此外，圖1顯示有地下水位高度WL，其中第一控制模組20控制第一含水位感測器22量測第一量水管內21對應地下水位高度WL的含水高度為第一含水高度h1，並控制第一無線傳輸模組23發送第一含水高度h1，其可透過衛星訊號、微波通信訊號、行動通信訊號如GPRS或3G、無線網路訊號如WIFI、或其他等效無線傳輸方式等進行發送。而且，在本實施例中，第一水位感測器22為浮標式水位感測器，其可直接量測自海平面起算之高度，較佳為GPS接收器，可接收經緯度座標及高度。不過，本發明非以浮標式水位感測器為限，其他接觸式或非接觸式之水位量測方式皆可運用於本發明中，諸如雷達量測、微波量測、或光電量測等。In addition, FIG. 1 shows a water table height WL, wherein the first control module 20 controls the first water level sensor 22 to measure the water content height corresponding to the groundwater level height WL in the first water pipe 21 as the first water level h1, And controlling the first wireless transmission module 23 to send the first water content height h1, which can be performed through satellite signals, microwave communication signals, mobile communication signals such as GPRS or 3G, wireless network signals such as WIFI, or other equivalent wireless transmission methods. send. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the first water level sensor 22 is a buoy type water level sensor, which can directly measure the height from the sea level, preferably a GPS receiver, and can receive the latitude and longitude coordinates and height. However, the present invention is not limited to a buoy type water level sensor, and other contact or non-contact water level measuring methods can be applied to the present invention, such as radar measurement, microwave measurement, or photoelectric measurement.

同樣地，第二含水位測量裝置3包括第二量水管31、第二含水位感測器32、第二無線傳輸模組33、第二太陽能電池34、第二攝影機35、及第二控制模組30。第二控制模組30電性連接第二含水位感測器32、第二太陽能電池34、第二攝影機35、及第二無線傳輸模組33。第二量水管31埋設於山坡地S內與第一量水管21不同高度處，而第二含水位感測器32容設於第二量水管31內，第二控制模組30控制第二含水位感測器32量測第二量水管31內對應地下水位高度WL的含水高度為第二含水高度h2，並控制第二無線傳輸模組33發送第二含水高度h2，其具有與第一含水位測量裝置2相同之功效。Similarly, the second water level measuring device 3 includes a second quantity water pipe 31, a second water level sensor 32, a second wireless transmission module 33, a second solar battery 34, a second camera 35, and a second control mode. Group 30. The second control module 30 is electrically connected to the second water level sensor 32, the second solar battery 34, the second camera 35, and the second wireless transmission module 33. The second water pipe 31 is embedded in the hillside ground S at a different height from the first water pipe 21, and the second water level sensor 32 is accommodated in the second water pipe 31, and the second control module 30 controls the second water cut. The position sensor 32 measures the water content height of the corresponding water table height WL in the second water pipe 31 as the second water level h2, and controls the second wireless transmission module 33 to send the second water level h2, which has the first water content The bit measuring device 2 has the same effect.

此外，本實施例之控制器4包括有運算單元41、無線傳輸單元42、及儲存單元43，而控制器4可設置於遠端，如防災指揮中心等遠端監控中心。控制器4之運算單元41電性連接無線傳輸單元42、及儲存單元43，其中儲存單元43儲存有山坡地S之土壤參數，其包括土壤凝聚力c、土壤內摩擦角ψ、土壤單位重Ue、水單位重Uw、單位長度1及垂直應力σ。在本實施例中，土壤凝聚力c、土壤內摩擦角ψ及垂直應力σ可組成山坡地S之土壤的抗剪力。In addition, the controller 4 of the embodiment includes an operation unit 41, a wireless transmission unit 42, and a storage unit 43, and the controller 4 can be disposed at a remote end, such as a remote monitoring center such as a disaster prevention command center. The computing unit 41 of the controller 4 is electrically connected to the wireless transmission unit 42 and the storage unit 43. The storage unit 43 stores the soil parameters of the hillside S, including the soil cohesion c, the soil internal friction angle ψ, the soil unit weight Ue, The water unit weight Uw, unit length 1 and vertical stress σ. In the present embodiment, the soil cohesion c, the soil internal friction angle ψ and the vertical stress σ may constitute the shear resistance of the soil of the hillside S.

另外，本發明之分析原理，係將埋設有本發明系統之山坡地假想分割成無數個相同長寬高且等體積大小的土壤立方單位單元，在下述之土壤單位重Ue、單位長度1及水單位重Uw均指的是以此土壤立方單元做為一單位而進行分析的數據。而且，土壤單位重Ue、單位長度1及水單位重Uw在裝設有本發明之系統的同一監測區域中，不論埋設各量水管的位置為何，均分別為相同的常數值。其中，土壤內摩擦角ψ及垂直應力σ為該量測單位之特性，如為該單位長度1下之垂直應力σ及其內摩擦角ψ。In addition, the analysis principle of the present invention divides the hillside imaginary embedded with the system of the present invention into an infinite number of soil cubic unit units of the same length, width, height and equal volume, and the unit weight Ue, unit length 1 and water in the following soil units The unit weight Uw refers to the data analyzed by using the soil cube unit as a unit. Further, the soil unit weight Ue, the unit length 1 and the water unit weight Uw are the same constant values in the same monitoring area in which the system of the present invention is installed, regardless of the position at which the water pipes are buried. The internal friction angle ψ and the vertical stress σ are characteristics of the measurement unit, such as the vertical stress σ and the internal friction angle 1 of the unit length 1 .

另外，控制器4之運算單元41控制無線傳輸單元42接收第一無線傳輸模組23所發送之第一水位高度h1、及第二無線傳輸模組33所發送之第二水位高度h2後，運算單元4並運算第一水位高度h1與第二水位高度h2之高度差絕對值dh，並將其與土壤的抗剪力、土壤單位重Ue、水單位重Uw及單位長度1依據下列計算式計算出安全係數F.S.。然而，上述計算式定義如下：In addition, the computing unit 41 of the controller 4 controls the wireless transmission unit 42 to receive the first water level height h1 sent by the first wireless transmission module 23 and the second water level height h2 sent by the second wireless transmission module 33. Unit 4 calculates the absolute difference dh of the first water level height h1 and the second water level height h2, and calculates the shear resistance, soil unit weight Ue, water unit weight Uw and unit length 1 according to the following calculation formula. The safety factor FS is obtained. However, the above formula is defined as follows:

F.S.=(c+σtanψ)*1/[dh/2*Ue]+[dh*Uw]；F.S.=(c+σtanψ)*1/[dh/2*Ue]+[dh*Uw];

其中，c為土壤凝聚力，σ為山坡地之垂直應力，ψ為土壤的內摩擦角，dh為第一含水高度與第二含水高度之高度差絕對值，1為單位長度，Ue為土壤單位重及Uw為水單位重。據此，上述計算式中，c+σtanψ即表示為山坡地S之土壤的抗剪力。接著，運算單元4比對當安全係數F.S.小於1時，便輸出警示訊號Va。警示訊號Va可直接為聲光信號之警示通報，同時運算單元4控制無線傳輸單元42將警示訊號Va發出。Where c is the soil cohesion, σ is the vertical stress of the hillside, ψ is the internal friction angle of the soil, dh is the absolute difference of the height difference between the first water content and the second water level, 1 is the unit length, Ue is the soil unit weight And Uw is heavy in water. Accordingly, in the above calculation formula, c + σtan ψ is expressed as the shear resistance of the soil of the hillside S. Next, when the arithmetic unit 4 compares, when the safety factor F.S. is less than 1, the warning signal Va is output. The warning signal Va can directly notify the warning of the sound and light signal, and the arithmetic unit 4 controls the wireless transmission unit 42 to emit the warning signal Va.

在本實施例中，例如將山坡地S的各種土壤參數，包括土壤凝聚力c設為2.0N/m² 、土壤單位重Ue設為2.25N/m² 、水單位重Uw設為2.35N/m² 、單位長度1設為1m、垂直應力σ設為1.5N/m² 、內摩擦角ψ設為25°的狀況下，當發生在24小時內累積超過350mm以上雨量的超大豪雨發生時，若第一水位高度h1達1300mm且第二水位高度h2達500mm，則經由上述計算式可以求得此時的安全係數F.S.為0.971。此時，控制器4之運算單元會判斷為安全係數F.S.小於1，並經由無線傳輸單元42發送警示訊號Va，則通報設備6之控制單元63將控制無線接收模組61接收警示訊號Va，並控制警示單元62發出警示通報。反之，若在此條件參數下，且第一水位高度h1與第二水位高度h2的高度差絕對值未達0.7mm以上的情況，則控制器4之運算單元將會判斷安全係數F.S.大於1，而毋須進行預警通報。In the present embodiment, for example, various soil parameters of the hillside S, including the soil cohesive force c, are set to 2.0 N/m ² , the soil unit weight Ue is set to 2.25 N/m ² , and the water unit weight Uw is set to 2.35 N/m. ² , when the unit length 1 is set to 1 m, the vertical stress σ is set to 1.5 N/m ² , and the internal friction angle ψ is set to 25°, when a super heavy rain that accumulates more than 350 mm in 24 hours or more occurs, When the first water level height h1 is 1300 mm and the second water level height h2 is 500 mm, the safety factor FS at this time can be found to be 0.971 by the above calculation formula. At this time, the arithmetic unit of the controller 4 determines that the safety factor FS is less than 1, and transmits the warning signal Va via the wireless transmission unit 42, and the control unit 63 of the notification device 6 will control the wireless receiving module 61 to receive the warning signal Va, and The control alert unit 62 issues an alert notification. On the other hand, if under this condition parameter, and the absolute value of the height difference between the first water level height h1 and the second water level height h2 is less than 0.7 mm, the arithmetic unit of the controller 4 will judge that the safety factor FS is greater than 1, No early warning is required.

請參照圖3，圖3係本發明另一較佳實施例之山坡地的正視圖。在本實施例中，在相同的高度且以固定間距連續地埋設有複數個第一含水位測量裝置2。同樣地，並在另一山坡地高度以固定間距的方式，連續地埋設有複數個第二含水位測量裝置3。所以，如圖3所示，從山坡地正視之為分別埋設的整列第一含水位測量裝置2(2A,2B)與整列第三含水位測量裝置3(3A,3B)在不同的山坡地高度。Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a front elevational view of a hillside in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a plurality of first water level measuring devices 2 are continuously embedded at the same height and at a fixed pitch. Similarly, a plurality of second water level measuring devices 3 are continuously embedded in a fixed pitch at another hillside height. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the entire first water level measuring device 2 (2A, 2B) and the entire third water level measuring device 3 (3A, 3B) which are buried separately from the hillside are different in different hillside heights. .

詳言之，取以上述劃分方式在山坡地所畫分的區域來進行分析，即如圖中所示，分別將埋設於矩形區域之兩個頂角的2個第一含水位測量裝置2設為2A、2B，且將埋設於矩形區域之另外兩個頂角的2個第二含水位測量裝置3設為3A、3B。控制器4的運算單元41將第一控制模組20控制第一含水位感測器2A、2B所分別量測到的第一含水高度h1取平均，而得到一為第一含水位感測器2A與第一含水位感測器2B的第一平均含水高度值h_avg1 。以同樣的方式，而取得第二含水位感測器3A與第二含水位感測器3B的第二平均含水高度值h_avg2 。而且，控制器4的運算單元41將運算第一平均含水高度值h_avg1 與第二平均含水高度值h_avg2 之平均含水高度差絕對值dh_Avg ，並將其與土壤的抗剪力、土壤單位重Ue、水單位重Uw及單位長度1依據前述的計算式計算出安全係數F.S.。In detail, the analysis is performed on the area drawn by the hillside in the above-mentioned division manner, that is, as shown in the figure, two first water level measuring devices 2 embedded in the two vertex angles of the rectangular area are respectively provided. 2A, 2B, and 2 second water level measuring devices 3 embedded in the other two apex angles of the rectangular region are set to 3A, 3B. The computing unit 41 of the controller 4 averages the first water level h1 measured by the first water level sensor 2A, 2B by the first control module 20 to obtain a first water level sensor. The first average water _cut height value h _{avg1 of} 2A and the first water level sensor 2B. In the same manner, the second average water _cut height value h _avg2 of the second water level sensor 3A and the second water level sensor 3B is _obtained . Moreover, the arithmetic unit 41 of the controller 4 calculates the average water-height difference absolute value dh _{Avg of the} first average water-height value h _avg1 and the second average water-height value h _avg2 and relates it to the soil shear resistance, soil unit The weight Ue, the water unit weight Uw, and the unit length 1 are calculated according to the aforementioned calculation formula.

據此，經由以埋設有4個含水位感測器為單位之矩形區域的這種分析方式，可以得到關於該區域面積的安全係數。當然本發明不以此為限，並非僅就單一個埋設有4個含水位感測器為單位作分析，控制器4的運算單元41亦可是整合所有經控制模組控制各個含水位感測器所分別量測到的含水高度來做計算，所以相較於分析單點與單點間含水位感測器的含水高度而只能得到局部區域的安全係數F.S.，若使用令運算單元41以此種整合大量含水位感測器所量測到的含水高度之分析方式，可以得到關於整個埋設有本發明裝置之範圍面積的安全係數F.S.。因此，經由這種分析方式可大幅地擴大本發明設備所能監控的範圍，進而達成事先預警通報以俾利人員逃生之功效。Accordingly, the safety factor for the area of the area can be obtained by this analysis method of a rectangular area in which four water level sensors are embedded. Of course, the invention is not limited thereto, and the calculation unit 41 of the controller 4 can also integrate all the control modules to control the various water level sensors. The measured water level is calculated separately, so the safety factor FS of the local area can only be obtained compared to the water cut height of the water level sensor between the single point and the single point. An analysis of the water cut height measured by a large number of water level sensors provides a safety factor FS for the entire area of the device in which the apparatus of the present invention is embedded. Therefore, through this analysis method, the range that can be monitored by the device of the present invention can be greatly expanded, thereby achieving the effect of prior warning notification to facilitate the escape of the personnel.

再者，於圖1,2顯示有一可攜式電子裝置5。當控制器4之運算單元4經比對安全係數F.S.小於1時，無線傳輸單元42發送警示訊號Va，可攜式電子裝置5接收無線傳輸單元42所輸出之警示訊號Va，並輸出或顯示警示訊號Va，例如以簡訊、語音、或其他形式來輸出警示訊號Va。本發明之可攜式電子裝置可為一般行動電話、PDA、筆記型電腦、GPS導航機、或其他具通信功能之電子機器，在本實施例中為行動電話。據此，本實施例之系統亦可直接透過簡訊、語音、或其他形式，藉由可攜式電子裝置5進行通報。Furthermore, a portable electronic device 5 is shown in FIGS. When the operation unit 4 of the controller 4 is less than 1 by the comparison safety factor FS, the wireless transmission unit 42 transmits the warning signal Va, and the portable electronic device 5 receives the warning signal Va output by the wireless transmission unit 42 and outputs or displays an alarm. The signal Va outputs the warning signal Va, for example, in a text message, voice, or other form. The portable electronic device of the present invention can be a general mobile phone, a PDA, a notebook computer, a GPS navigation machine, or other electronic device with communication functions, which is a mobile phone in this embodiment. Accordingly, the system of this embodiment can also be notified by the portable electronic device 5 directly through a short message, voice, or other form.

又，圖1,2中另顯示有通報設備6，其係設置於山坡地S上或其周遭處，通報設備6主要用於通報位於山坡地S上或其周遭的居民，可能即將於山坡地S會發生如土石流等邊坡產生大幅位移之情況。該通報裝置6包括有無線接收模組61、警示單元62、及控制單元63。控制單元63電性連接無線接收模組61、及警示單元62。同樣地，當控制器4之運算單元4經比對安全係數F.S.小於1時，通報設備6之控制單元63控制無線接收模組61接收警示訊號Va，並控制警示單元62發出警示通報。亦即，本實施例之通報裝置6係設置於監測地點上之周遭警戒區域，當接收警示訊號時，透過警示單元62進行通報，而警示單元62可為警鈴、警報喇叭、語音廣播、顯示看板、或其他具等效之通報設備。In addition, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 further show a notification device 6 disposed on or in the hillside S. The notification device 6 is mainly used to notify the residents on or around the hillside S, possibly on the hillside. S will cause a large displacement of the slope such as the earth-rock flow. The notification device 6 includes a wireless receiving module 61, an alerting unit 62, and a control unit 63. The control unit 63 is electrically connected to the wireless receiving module 61 and the warning unit 62. Similarly, when the operation unit 4 of the controller 4 is less than 1 by the comparison safety factor F.S., the control unit 63 of the notification device 6 controls the wireless receiving module 61 to receive the warning signal Va, and controls the warning unit 62 to issue an alarm notification. That is, the notification device 6 of the present embodiment is disposed in the surrounding warning area on the monitoring location. When receiving the warning signal, the notification unit 62 performs notification, and the warning unit 62 can be an alarm bell, an alarm horn, a voice broadcast, and a display. Kanban, or other equivalent notification device.

上述實施例係為舉例並不以此為限，山坡地S的各種土壤參數當然可隨裝設本發明之系統的地區不同而有所變化。據此，可以藉由量測所監測區域不同位置的土壤含水量之水位高度，搭配該區域的土壤參數，經由上述計算式而得到安全係數F.S.。此外，本發明之系統並會根據計算式求得之安全係數F.S.來判斷是否需要發送警示訊號Va，藉以達成預警通報而能為人員爭取更多準備時間之功效。The above embodiments are by way of example and not limitation, and the various soil parameters of the hillside S may of course vary depending on the region in which the system of the invention is installed. According to this, the safety factor F.S. can be obtained by measuring the water level of the soil water content at different positions in the monitored area and matching the soil parameters of the area with the above calculation formula. In addition, the system of the present invention determines whether the warning signal Va needs to be sent according to the safety factor F.S. obtained by the calculation formula, so as to achieve the early warning notification and can obtain more preparation time for the personnel.

再且，本實施例能透過第一太陽能電池24與第二太陽能電池34分別提供電能給第一水位量測設備2與第二水位量測設備3，以利設置且無需考量電源線路之因素。再且，圖中之第一水位量測設備2與第二水位量測設備3另分別設置有第一攝影機25與第二攝影機35，其中第一控制模組20控制第一攝影機25拍攝山坡地S，並控制第一無線傳輸模組23發送第一攝影機25所拍攝之影像；且第二控制模組30控制第二攝影機35拍攝山坡地S，並控制第二無線傳輸模組33發送第二攝影機35所拍攝之影像。據此，本實施例亦可利用第一攝影機25、及第二攝影機35所拍攝之即時影像進行輔助判斷是否有如土石流等邊坡位移之情況的發生，或進一步監控邊坡位移所造成的災情。Moreover, in this embodiment, the first solar cell 24 and the second solar cell 34 can respectively supply electric energy to the first water level measuring device 2 and the second water level measuring device 3, so as to facilitate setting and not considering the factor of the power line. Moreover, the first water level measuring device 2 and the second water level measuring device 3 are separately provided with a first camera 25 and a second camera 35, wherein the first control module 20 controls the first camera 25 to photograph the hillside S, and controlling the first wireless transmission module 23 to transmit the image captured by the first camera 25; and the second control module 30 controls the second camera 35 to capture the hillside S, and controls the second wireless transmission module 33 to send the second The image taken by the camera 35. Accordingly, the present embodiment can also use the real-time images captured by the first camera 25 and the second camera 35 to assist in determining whether there is a situation such as a slope displacement such as an earth-rock flow, or further monitoring the disaster caused by the slope displacement.

而且，在本實施例中，每一含水位測量裝置更包括有GPS定位感測模組7，GPS定位感測模組7包含有第一GPS定位感測器71及第二GPS定位感測器72。第一GPS定位感測器71及第二GPS定位感測器72係分別電性連接至第一控制模組20與第二控制模組30，並可接收衛星進行定位。第一控制模組20與第二控制模組30會分別控制第一GPS定位感測器71及第二GPS定位感測器72進行各含水位測量裝置的定位偵測，當第一GPS定位感測器71或第二GPS定位感測器72偵測到邊坡有發生位移時，第一控制模組20與第二控制模組30將控制輸出位移通報Ma。因此，透過GPS定位感測模組7的作用，而得以在邊坡發生位移時，能即時警示發送出位移通報Ma，而得到較長的預警時間。Moreover, in this embodiment, each water level measuring device further includes a GPS positioning sensing module 7, and the GPS positioning sensing module 7 includes a first GPS positioning sensor 71 and a second GPS positioning sensor. 72. The first GPS positioning sensor 71 and the second GPS positioning sensor 72 are electrically connected to the first control module 20 and the second control module 30, respectively, and can receive satellites for positioning. The first control module 20 and the second control module 30 respectively control the first GPS positioning sensor 71 and the second GPS positioning sensor 72 to perform positioning detection of each water level measuring device, when the first GPS positioning sense When the detector 71 or the second GPS positioning sensor 72 detects that the slope has been displaced, the first control module 20 and the second control module 30 will control the output displacement notification Ma. Therefore, through the action of the GPS positioning sensing module 7, when the slope is displaced, the displacement notification Ma can be immediately alerted and a long warning time is obtained.

另外，藉由GPS定位感測模組的功能，可不限於在因豪大雨使土壤含水量過大所造成的邊坡發生位移時才具有預警通報的效果，其他在如地震、走山等天災發生時造成所監測之山坡地等邊坡發生位移時，亦會產生位移通報的訊息來同樣達成預警之功效。此外，並可結合分別裝設於第一水位量測設備2與第二水位量測設備3之第一攝影機25與第二攝影機35的搭配使用，而能確實掌控所監測之山坡地S發生邊坡位移的實際狀況，並藉以作出有利於輔助救災的判斷。In addition, the function of the GPS positioning sensing module is not limited to the effect of early warning when the slope caused by excessive soil moisture is caused by heavy rain, and other natural disasters such as earthquakes and mountains occur. When the slope of the monitored slopes and other slopes is displaced, a message of displacement notification will also be generated to achieve the same effect of early warning. In addition, the first camera 25 and the second camera 35 respectively installed in the first water level measuring device 2 and the second water level measuring device 3 can be used in combination with each other, so that the monitored hillside S can be controlled. The actual situation of the slope displacement, and to make judgments that are conducive to assisting disaster relief.

上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已，本發明所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準，而非僅限於上述實施例。The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples for convenience of description, and the scope of the claims is intended to be limited to the above embodiments.

2,2A,2B．．．第一含水位測量裝置2, 2A, 2B. . . First water level measuring device

21．．．第一量水管twenty one. . . First amount of water pipe

211．．．第一側面壁211. . . First side wall

212．．．通孔212. . . Through hole

22．．．第一水位感測器twenty two. . . First water level sensor

23．．．第一無線傳輸模組twenty three. . . First wireless transmission module

24．．．第一太陽能電池twenty four. . . First solar cell

25．．．第一監視攝影機25. . . First surveillance camera

3,3A,3B．．．第二含水位測量裝置3,3A,3B. . . Second water level measuring device

31．．．第二量水管31. . . Second amount of water pipe

311．．．第二側面壁311. . . Second side wall

312．．．通孔312. . . Through hole

32．．．第二水位感測器32. . . Second water level sensor

33．．．第二無線傳輸模組33. . . Second wireless transmission module

34．．．第二太陽能電池34. . . Second solar cell

35．．．第二監視攝影機35. . . Second surveillance camera

7．．．GPS定位感測模組7. . . GPS positioning sensor module

71．．．第一GPS定位感測器71. . . First GPS positioning sensor

dh．．．高度差絕對值Dh. . . Absolute height difference

S．．．山坡地S. . . Hillside

h1．．．第一含水高度H1. . . First water cut

h2．．．第二含水高度H2. . . Second water cut

5．．．可攜式電子裝置5. . . Portable electronic device

6．．．通報設備6. . . Notification equipment

61．．．無線接收模組61. . . Wireless receiving module

62．．．警示單元62. . . Warning unit

63．．．控制單元63. . . control unit

4．．．控制器4. . . Controller

41．．．運算單元41. . . Arithmetic unit

42．．．無線傳輸單元42. . . Wireless transmission unit

43．．．儲存單元43. . . Storage unit

20．．．第一控制模組20. . . First control module

30．．．第二控制模組30. . . Second control module

Va．．．警示訊號Va. . . Warning signal

Ma．．．位移通報Ma. . . Displacement notification

72．．．第二GPS定位感測器72. . . Second GPS positioning sensor

WL．．．地下水位高度WL. . . Groundwater level

圖1係本發明一較佳實施例之示意圖。1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

圖2係本發明一較佳實施例之系統架構圖。2 is a system architecture diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

圖3係本發明一較佳實施例之山坡地的正視圖。Figure 3 is a front elevational view of a hillside in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

2．．．第一含水位測量裝置2. . . First water level measuring device

21．．．第一量水管twenty one. . . First amount of water pipe

211．．．第一側面壁211. . . First side wall

212．．．通孔212. . . Through hole

22．．．第一水位感測器twenty two. . . First water level sensor

23．．．第一無線傳輸模組twenty three. . . First wireless transmission module

24．．．第一太陽能電池twenty four. . . First solar cell

25．．．第一監視攝影機25. . . First surveillance camera

3．．．第二含水位測量裝置3. . . Second water level measuring device

31．．．第二量水管31. . . Second amount of water pipe

311．．．第二側面壁311. . . Second side wall

312．．．通孔312. . . Through hole

32．．．第二水位感測器32. . . Second water level sensor

33．．．第二無線傳輸模組33. . . Second wireless transmission module

34．．．第二太陽能電池34. . . Second solar cell

35．．．第二監視攝影機35. . . Second surveillance camera

S．．．山坡地S. . . Hillside

h1．．．第一含水高度H1. . . First water cut

h2．．．第二含水高度H2. . . Second water cut

5．．．可攜式電子裝置5. . . Portable electronic device

6．．．通報設備6. . . Notification equipment

61．．．無線接收模組61. . . Wireless receiving module

62．．．警示單元62. . . Warning unit

dh．．．高度差絕對值Dh. . . Absolute height difference

4．．．控制器4. . . Controller

41．．．運算單元41. . . Arithmetic unit

42．．．無線傳輸單元42. . . Wireless transmission unit

43．．．儲存單元43. . . Storage unit

71．．．第一GPS定位感測器71. . . First GPS positioning sensor

72．．．第二GPS定位感測器72. . . Second GPS positioning sensor

WL．．．地下水位高度WL. . . Groundwater level