US20030131127A1 - KVM video & OSD switch - Google Patents

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Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
  • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
  • G06F3/038—Control and interface arrangements therefor, e.g. drivers or device-embedded control circuitry
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
  • G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2370/00—Aspects of data communication
  • G09G2370/24—Keyboard-Video-Mouse [KVM] switch

Definitions

• KVM Keyboard, Video and Mouse.
• the OCC may be located remotely from the host computers.
• a KVM system works by allowing the user to select a host computer to monitor and control from the OCC. The user may select the host from an interface displayed on the OCC monitor (the “On Screen Display” or “OSD”) or from controls located on the front panel of the KVM unit.
• the KVM system switches the video signals of the selected host computer to the OCC monitor so that the user may view the host video from the OCC.
• the KVM system also routes or “switches” the Keyboard and Mouse signals of the OCC to the respective ports of the selected host computer. From the host computer's perspective, it appears as if the OCC's keyboard and mouse are directly attached to the host.
• KVM systems Users of KVM systems include system administrators, developers, software or hardware engineers, technicians, graphic artists, etc. Examples of tasks that are commonly performed with KVM systems include monitoring applications that are running on the host computers, installing or upgrading software applications or programs, and re-booting the host computers. KVM systems are commonly used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). ISPs require a large number of computers or “server farms” to handle the large volume of Internet traffic and data. ISPs use KVM systems to provide centralized oversight over the server farms, thereby reducing the burden of computer maintenance and administration.
• ISPs Internet Service Providers
• KVM systems are also used in distributed processing where applications are run using the processing power of a number of interconnected computers. For example, it is becoming increasingly popular to use computer generated images for animation and special effects in movies. Computer graphics of this kind entail a large amount of intensive calculations and often require more processing power than is available from any one computer standing alone. In order to enhance processing power and speed, tasks are distributed over a number of host computers. KVM systems allow for control and monitoring of these computers from a single OCC.
• KVM systems include the time saved by eliminating the need to travel from host to host to monitor or operate each host computer.
• the keyboards, monitors and mice of the host computers are no longer needed and can be eliminated, thereby saving money and space.
• the performance demands of a KVM system for switching video data has increased with the increase in monitor resolution.
• the higher the monitor resolution the higher the processing speed required by the KVM system to deliver the video signals to the OCC display without degradation.
• the approximate speed required by a KVM video switch for a given resolution can be estimated as follows: ((number of horizontal pixels) ⁇ (number of vertical pixel lines) ⁇ (85 Hz refresh rate of 85 images per second)) ⁇ (1.45 factor to allow time for vertical and horizontal retrace).
• Conventional KVM systems operating at speeds of 250 MHz or less, are sufficient to accommodate many but not all standard monitor resolutions.
• Those resolutions that may be accommodated by conventional KVM systems include VGA (640 ⁇ 480 pixels), SVGA (800 ⁇ 600 pixels), XGA (1,024 ⁇ 768 pixels), and SXGA (1,280 ⁇ 1,024 pixels).
• VGA 640 ⁇ 480 pixels
• SVGA 800 ⁇ 600 pixels
• XGA XGA (1,024 ⁇ 768 pixels
• SXGA 1,280 ⁇ 1,024 pixels
• SXGA requires a processing speed of approximately (1,280 ⁇ 1,024) ⁇ 85 Hz ⁇ 1.45, which is approximately 162 MHz, and is less than 250 MHz.
• the approximate speed required for the QXGA resolution is 388 MHz, which is (2048 ⁇ 1536) ⁇ 85 Hz ⁇ 1.45.
• KVM systems using RTL circuitry are comprised of resistors and bipolar transistors.
• the RTL implementation requires a large number of the resistor and bipolar-transistor components and therefore consuming a large portion of the limited space available on the printed circuit board (PCB) of the KVM unit.
• PCB printed circuit board
• the large number of components required for an RTL switch also makes these switches difficult to assemble. For the above reasons, RTL switches are undesirable at the speeds required by higher resolution video standards such as QXGA.
• LSI circuits are circuits having a large number of electronic components integrated on a single chip.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,884,096, Beasley et al. utilizes LSIs. See, e.g., Col. 8, Lines 11-28.
• LSIs are in extremely limited supply at speeds above 200 to 250 MHz. Implementing a KVM system using LSIs at speeds near 400 MHz would be prohibitively expensive.
• the roll-off effect refers to a decrease in the amplitude of a signal as the frequency of the signal increases. This effect is caused by the impedance of the conventional connectors, such as DB-25 connectors, through which the analog video signals pass as they travel through the KVM system.
• the roll-off effect is significant in video applications operating at speeds above 250 MHz and causes attenuation of video signals at the higher operating speeds. To the user, the resulting image appears “soft”, i.e., having non-crisp edges, color aberrations, and generally blurred text characters. Therefore, the roll-off effect poses an additional problem for high speed video KVM systems.
• KVM systems may be controlled from a set of controls located on the front panel of the KVM unit, from keyboard sequences or “hot keys”, and/or from an On Screen Display (“OSD”).
• the OSD is an interface displayed on the monitor of the OCC to allow the user to control the KVM system.
• the OSD is typically more convenient and offers more features than the other means of control.
• the OSD may be text based or graphics based.
• Conventional KVM systems present the OSD to the OCC monitor using summing operational amplifiers to “add” or sum the OSD video data “on top of” the video data originating from the host computer. This creates a transparent effect where the host computer video appears as a background to the characters of the OSD text or banners.
• the OSD may be difficult to read if there is insufficient contrast between the OSD characters and the background host computer video.
• the transparent effect created by the summing of the OSD video on top of the host video is inconsistent with the look and feel of most modern operating systems, in which windows are typically displayed with an opaque background.
• the present invention is directed to a high speed video switch in a KVM system using discrete Radio Frequency (RF) switch circuits.
• RF Radio Frequency
• the extremely low capacitance, high isolation, fast switching speed, and low cost characteristics of the RF devices make them ideal for use in combination as a video multiplexer switching device.
• RF switches are configured into a multiplexed circuit in combination with output enable/disable high-speed video operational amplifiers to route video signals from a selected host computer to a target monitor.
• Video connector roll-off is compensated by utilizing a peaking operational amplifying circuit to emphasize the video signals of effected frequencies before display to the target monitor.
• an OSD switch using the RF switches is used to rapidly switch between OSD data and host computer video data for display to the OCC monitor.
• the host computer video is completely switched off and effectively removed from the portion of the computer screen where the OSD is displayed to the user.
• Video rates of up to 2048 ⁇ 1536 resolution at approximately 85 Hertz (QXGA) are supported while maintaining a quality video image.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of a KVM system employing the novel video and OSD switch of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic drawing of an individual KVM unit of the KVM system of FIG. 1.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic drawing of the 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer and 4 ⁇ 1 Video Bus Selector of the KVM unit of FIG. 2.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic drawing of the RF switch and drive circuitry of the 8 ⁇ 4 multiplexer of FIG. 3.
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic drawing of the a peaking operational amplifying circuit of FIG. 3.
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic drawing of the RF switch and drive circuitry of the 4 ⁇ 1 video bus selector and OSD switch of FIG. 3.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of a KVM system 10 employing the novel video switch of the present invention.
• the system of FIG. 1 depicts four KVM units 12 - 15 daisy-chained together by a bank-to-bank interconnect 20 .
• an Operator Control Center (“OCC”) 22 and eight (8) host computers 71 - 78 are connected to the KVM unit 12 .
• a KVM unit 12 along with its connected host computers 71 - 78 and OCC 22 are collectively referred to as a bank 54 .
• Several banks 54 - 57 chained together are collectively referred to as a cluster.
• the terms “KVM system” and cluster are synonymous and are used interchangeably.
• system 10 o depicts eight host computers 71 - 78 connected to a KVM unit 12
• alternate embodiments of the KVM system 10 may have connections for fewer or more host computers per KVM unit 12 .
• conventional KVM systems commonly allow between 2 to 16 host computers per KVM unit.
• the host computers 71 - 78 , 81 - 88 , 91 - 98 , 101 - 108 may be any type of conventional computer having peripheral devices and video ports.
• a host computer 71 may be a server (web server, e-mail server, database server, application server, etc.), personal computer, or laptop.
• a host computer 71 may have PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports and/or USB ports.
• a host computer 71 is preferably connected to a KVM unit 12 by an octopus cable connection, although any suitable connection may be used.
• a host computer 71 may operate any operating system (e.g., Windows, Macintosh, Linux, etc.).
• An OCC 22 includes a keyboard 32 , monitor 30 and mouse device 34 .
• mouse refers to any cursor control device.
• the OCC keyboard 32 and mouse 34 devices may be PS/2 devices or USB devices or a combination of both. For example, it is possible to simultaneously attach both a PS/2 keyboard and a USB mouse. Because the USB protocol allows multiple devices to be attached to a single USB port by using a commercially available device known as a USB hub, multiple PS/2 devices and USB devices may be attached to a KVM unit 12 .
• KVM units 12 - 15 may be configured to operate as a KVM system 10 consisting of a single bank 54 .
• additional KVM units may be added to the chain via the bank-to-bank interconnect 20 of the first 12 or last 15 unit in the chain to form a larger cluster 10 .
• the number of OCCs per cluster is limited by the number of video busses in the system.
• the preferred embodiment uses four (4) video busses, thereby allowing up to four (4) OCCs per cluster.
• Alternate embodiments of the present invention may have fewer or more video busses, thereby permitting fewer or more OCCs.
• FIG. 1 shows four (4) OCCs 54 - 57 attached to the cluster 10 . This enables up to four users to operate the KVM system.
• Each of the four OCCs 54 - 57 may select any one of the thirty-two (32) host computers 71 - 78 , 81 - 88 , 91 - 98 , and 101 - 108 for control from that particular OCC, regardless of whether the selected host computer is located on the same bank 54 - 57 as the OCC.
• a KVM unit 12 is preferably housed in a robust metallic, rack mount and/or stackable desk configuration of an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard 1U size enclosure.
• ANSI American National Standards Institute
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic drawing of a KVM unit 12 of FIG. 1.
• the KVM unit 12 includes video, PS/2, and USB A device ports 210 - 213 , for connecting the OCC devices 30 , 32 and 34 .
• Power is supplied by the KVM unit to the USB A port 213 through resettable fuses (not shown).
• the KVM unit 12 includes a master controller 215 .
• the master controller 215 includes a microcontroller 217 coupled with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 219 .
• the microcontroller 217 is preferably a Philips XA-G49 C controller.
• the FPGA 219 is preferably a Xilinx FPGA XC2S50.
• the FPGA 219 expands the number of I/O ports available to the master controller 215 .
• the master controller 215 includes PS/2 and I 2 C UARTs 202 implemented as part of the FPGA 219 .
• the master controller 217 also includes a USB controller 204 for handling communications between USB devices and the master controller 215 .
• the USB controller 204 is a Phillips ISP1161 USB controller.
• a microprocessor bus 206 connects the microcontroller 217 , FPGA 219 and USB controller 204 within the master controller 215 .
• a KVM unit 12 also includes eight (8) slave controllers 221 - 228 , only two of which are shown in FIG. 2.
• Each slave controller is dedicated to a host computer.
• slave controller 221 in FIG. 2 is dedicated to host computer 71 .
• a slave controller 221 preferably includes USB control hardware (not shown) for USB protocol communications with its host computer 71 .
• a slave controller 221 can receive PS/2 data and I 2 C data from the host computer 71 .
• the I 2 C data is used by the slave controller to communicate PnP (Plug and Play) information to the host computer 71 .
• a slave controller 221 may receive power from the connected host computer 71 through the host computer connection when the KVM unit 12 is turned off. This enables the slave controller 221 to provide the necessary signals emulating the presence of an attached peripheral device to the host computer 71 even when the KVM unit 12 is turned off. This eliminates the error message that might otherwise occur if the host computer 71 were powered on when the KVM unit 12 was turned off.
• the master controller 215 is connected to the slave controllers 221 - 228 by a slave interface bus 230 , which is a parallel data bus.
• the master controller 215 can also communicate with the slave controllers of the other banks 54 - 57 in the system or cluster 10 through the master-slave communication bus 247 , which is a serial bus, which is connected to other KVM units 13 - 15 in the cluster 10 through the bank-to-bank interconnect 20 .
• a KVM unit 12 also includes an 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer 232 .
• the video outputs of each of the eight (8) host computers 71 - 78 are fed as input 234 to the 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer 232 .
• FIG. 2 shows one 234 of the eight sets of video inputs into the 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer 232 .
• the preferred embodiment has up eight (8) host computers 71 - 78 per KVM unit 12 and therefore uses a video multiplexer 232 having eight (8) video inputs 234
• alternate embodiments may include fewer or more host computers and would have correspondingly fewer or more video inputs 234 into the video switch 232 .
• Each slave controller 221 - 228 has four control output signals 236 connected to the 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer 232 .
• FIG. 2 shows the control outputs 236 for a slave controller 221 .
• Each of the four control signals 236 corresponds to one of the four video busses 238 of the KVM system 10 .
• the 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer 232 has four outputs, one output to each of the four video busses 238 of the preferred embodiment.
• the preferred embodiment uses four video busses 238 , thereby allowing up to four OCCs 22 - 25 per cluster 10
• alternate embodiments may use fewer or more video busses and have correspondingly fewer or more control signals 236 from each slave controller 234 to the video multiplexer 232 .
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic drawing of the 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer and 4 ⁇ 1 video bank selector of FIG. 2. Specifically, the multiplexer paths for the “Red” 250 and “HSync” 252 signals from the video of host computer 71 are shown.
• Discrete Radio Frequency (RF) cell phone switches 254 are configured into an 8 ⁇ 4 multiplexed circuit to route the video signals 234 of the selected host computer 71 to the target OCC monitor 22 and are also used in the 4 ⁇ 1 video bus selector 258 and high speed OSD switch 260 .
• the RF switches 254 , 256 are types of transistors normally used for switching RF signals in RF communications or television tuner circuits.
• the type of discrete RF switch circuit used is of a depletion mode MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) construction, such as the commercially available BF1107, BF1108, and BF1108R devices manufactured by Philips.
• MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
• the extremely low capacitance, high isolation, fast switching speed, and low cost characteristics of the discrete RF switches make them ideal for use in combination as a video multiplexer switching device in a KVM system 10 .
• the low cost and small size of the discrete RF switches further allow for relatively large multiplexer switching arrays to be implemented while benefiting from the superior performance of discrete solutions, especially the high isolation and high frequency bandwidth parameters.
• the R signal 250 is presented to four (4) discrete RF switches 254 .
• the R signal 250 is switched by the RF switch circuits 254 onto one of the four video busses based on the “Host Video Select” signal 236 received from the slave controller 221 .
• the R signal 250 is then fed to the input of a peaking video amplifier 262 with an output enable function and is also enabled onto one of the four busses by the video buffer enable signals from the FPGA 219 of the master controller 215 .
• This peaking video amplifier circuit 262 acts as a buffer, driver and an amplifier at frequencies from 80 MHz to ⁇ 2 db at 400 MHz to compensate for the roll-off effect described earlier.
• the output of this circuit may be switched into an impedance termination of a 75-ohm resistor by a first/last bank detector 266 if the KVM unit 12 is the physical first or last unit in the chain.
• This signal is then distributed to the 4 ⁇ 1 multiplexed circuit 258 for selection to the OCC 22 and also to the bank-to-bank interconnect 20 , preferably a 68 pin SCSI connector, used to distribute video bus signals to the other KVM units 13 - 15 within the system 10 .
• the 4 to 1 muliplexed circuit consists of another set of discrete RF switches 256 .
• Each RGB bus set is again enabled by a control signal from the FPGA 219 of the master controller 215 and a negative voltage level-shifted, buffered set of gates controlled via an FPGA I/O pin.
• This particular set of control circuitry switches the raw computer video off while the KVM OSD circuitry is enabled.
• the OSD controller 268 supplies another switchable signal output from the OSD that is presented in a mutually exclusive manner with the raw computer video.
• the OSD controller may be text based, for example a Mitsubishi #35070 device, or of a graphical, discrete IC design.
• This switched video signal feeds another set of peaking amplifiers 270 with an output enable function for driving RGB through a cable and ultimately to the OCC monitor 22 .
• the output enable of this set of amplifiers is utilized in specific applications where the monitor may have video signals switched between two separate RGB signal sources.
• the video path of the KVM unit 12 preferably includes a first/last bank detector 240 to automatically apply a terminating resistor to the RGB video signals of the video busses 238 if the KVM unit 12 is the first or last unit in the chain in order to maintain video quality in the system 10 .
• a fifth control bank signal 272 from the FPGA 219 to the video amplifier 270 allows for the blanking of the video during the switching of one selected host to another, thereby eliminating the garbled signals that the user might otherwise see while the monitor is re-synchronizing.
• the discrete RF switches 254 are configured into an 8 ⁇ 4 multiplexed circuit 232 in combination with output enable/disable high-speed video operational amplifying circuits 262 .
• the number of circuits required by this multiplexer switch may be calculated by multiplying 3 (for the three video signals of R, G, and B) by the number of hosts and by the number of video busses.
• there are ninety-six (96) switches in the 8 ⁇ 4 video switch 232 which is 3 colors ⁇ 8 hosts ⁇ 4 video busses. Alternate embodiments of the invention may have a different number of hosts or video busses.
• FIG. 4 shows the RF switch and drive circuitry of a single RF switch of the 8 ⁇ 4 video multiplexer 232 of FIG. 3.
• a “Host Video Select” control signal 410 from the slave controller 201 is used to turn the RF switch on for multiplexing host video signals into the 8-by-4 multiplexer array.
• a negative voltage level-shifted, buffered set of gates is required to drive the discrete RF switch 420 due to the requirements of the RF device, which requires a voltage signal to the gate that is well below the switched signal voltage.
• the “Host Video Select” control signal 410 from the slave controller 221 goes “low” (logical “0” or in this case, or zero Volts) in order to turn the switch off.
• the “Host Video Select” control signal 410 is normally held “low,” but will go “high” (logical “1”, or about 3.3 Volts) when the host computer 71 is selected by the user at the OCC 22 .
• the “Host Video Select” control signal 410 In order to produce a proper drive signal to the gate of the RF switch 420 , the “Host Video Select” control signal 410 must be voltage-level-shifted from the 0 Volts to 3.3 Volts level to a ⁇ 4.1 Volts to 0 Volts level.
• the circuit includes a comparator 440 , preferably a commercially available LM339 comparator.
• the LM339 comparator is the preferred device for the comparator because it is inexpensive, commonly available, and reliable for the intended purpose.
• the power supply pins of the comparator 440 are connected to 0 Volts and ⁇ 4.1 Volts.
• the “Host Video Select” control signal 410 of the slave controller 221 is level-shifted at its output using the 180K-100K resistor divider 460 shown in FIG. 4.
• the tap of the resistor divider is connected to the (+) input of the comparator 440 and fluctuates between roughly ⁇ 1.46 Volts and ⁇ 2.64 Volts.
• the ( ⁇ ) input of the comparator 440 is connected to a signal level of ⁇ 2.05 Volts which is derived from the tap of two 2.7K resistors 470 .
• the “Host Video Select” control signal 410 and voltage divider 460 serve to toggle the (+) input pin of the comparator 440 about its switching point, causing the output of the comparator to toggle between ⁇ 4.1 Volts (switch off) and 0 Volts (switch on).
• the preferred embodiment of the present invention compensates for the connector roll-off by implementing a conventional peaking operational amplifying circuit to pre-emphasize only the video signals. Buffering for multi-bank systems is supplied to extend physical separation of units and maintain quality video. In addition Video buffering uses peaking circuits to maintain quality video.
• FIG. 5 shows the peaking amplifier circuit 262 of FIG. 3.
• the peaking amplifier 262 includes a Current Feedback Amplifier (CFA) device 502 .
• CFA Current Feedback Amplifier
• an EL5392 CFA manufactured by Elantec is used for the CFA 502 .
• the technique used to configure the CFA 502 for a peaking amplifier is well understood in the art.
• a small value capacitor, such as the C Peak capacitor 504 depicted in FIG. 5, is added to the feedback loop of the circuit. This results in an increase in the amplification of the CFA 502 as signal frequencies increase.
• the 1K-10K resistors 506 in the feedback loop are provided to add a small amount of overall gain to the amplifier.
• the EL5392 also contains a feature to allow the output of the CFA 502 to be disabled (that is, to go into a high impedance state). This feature is utilized to allow multiple CFA outputs to be connected together on the Video Bus with only one amplifier enabled at a time.
• the OSD is displayed on the OCC monitor 30 by a switching method.
• the present invention uses an additional switch 260 to “switch out/in” the host computer video data on a portion of a particular horizontal line while simultaneously “switching in/out” the OSD video data.
• the raw computer data is completely switched off (removed) while the OSD data and banners are presented to the operator with its own colored background.
• OSD On-Screen-Display
• the OSD circuit switches off the RGB video portion when the OSD is active, allowing the OSD user interface to be displayed on the OCC monitor.
• the selected host computer video is switched on for display on the OCC monitor 30 .
• the HV portion of the focused RGBHV bus is made available through a programmable logic device (the FPGA 219 of FIG. 2) to synchronize the KVM OSD and host monitor video signals displayed on the OCC monitor 30 .
• FIG. 6 shows a detailed schematic drawing of a single discrete RF switch and switch drive circuit of the 4 ⁇ 1 multiplexed circuit combination depicted in FIG. 3.
• a “Video On Control” signal 602 from the master controller 215 and an “OSD Blank” signal 604 from the OSD circuit 268 are inputs of a NOR gate 606 and control the switch.
• the NOR gate 606 is coupled to an OR gate 608 via a 2.4K-1K resistor divider network 610 .
• the output of the OR gate 602 is coupled to the input gate of an RF switch 612 .
• the depletion mode MOSFET devices used as discrete RF switches in the preferred embodiment require that a voltage of roughly ⁇ 4 Volts be supplied to the gate of the devices in order to turn the devices “off”, i.e., to go into a high-resistance mode.
• the RF switches need to be turned off and on at a very fast rate (on the order of 10 nanoseconds). This is accomplished using the NOR gate and OR gate combination shown in FIG. 6.
• Video signals are displayed line by line.
• the video signals for each scan line may originate from the host computer video or a portion of the scan line may be part of the OSD display, which is synthesized video that originates from the OSD generator.
• the Video On control signal 602 is used to turn the RF switch “on”. Specifically, the Video On control signal 602 goes “low” (i.e., logical “0” or, as implemented here, zero Volts) in order to turn the RF switch “on”.
• the OSD Blank signal is held “low”.
• the OSD Blank signal 604 will go “high” (i.e., logical “1”, or approximately five (5) Volts) and then “low” again when the OSD portion of the scan line is finished.
• the NOR gate 606 is used to produce the proper logical levels which produce the function just described.
• the NOR gate device 606 is preferably a 74ACT02 device, which is common device available from a variety of manufacturers including Fairchild Semiconductor (e.g., the Fairchild 74ACT02SC or the Fairchild MM74AC32M) and Texas Instruments.
• the discrete RF switch circuit 612 is designed to receive drive signals from ⁇ 4.1 Volts to 0 Volts. Therefore, in order to produce the proper drive signal to the gate of the RF switch, the switch control signals must be voltage-level-shifted from the 0 Volts to 5 Volts level to a ⁇ 4.1 Volts to 0 Volts level.
• the voltage-level shifting of the output of the NOR gate 606 is implemented using an OR gate 608 , preferably a commercially available 74AC32 device.
• the output of the NOR gate 606 is level-shifted by the 2.4K-1K resistor divider 610 .
• the tap of the resistor divider 610 fluctuates between roughly ⁇ 1.42 Volts and ⁇ 2.89 Volts.
• the 74AC32 devices of the preferred embodiment will reliably switch their outputs when their input levels transverse a voltage equivalent to roughly half their supply voltage, which in this case is ⁇ 2.05 Volts.
• the first and second power supply pins of the OR gate 608 are connected to 0 Volts and ⁇ 4.1 Volts, respectively.
• the 2.4K-1K resistor divider 610 serves to shift the NOR gate 606 output voltage to a level which toggles the input pin of the OR gate 608 about its switching point of ⁇ 2.05 Volts. Accordingly, the output of the NOR gate 606 is essentially amplified by the resistor divider 610 and OR gate 608 combination so as to drive the gate of the RF switch 612 to proper levels.
• the circuit of FIG. 6 uses the 74ACXX family of logic devices for four reasons: First, these devices are very fast, with a propagation delay of roughly 3 nanoseconds. Second, as mentioned above, they reliably switch at midway between the voltage rails of the VCC and Ground pins, which is important for proper operation of the circuit. Third, these are commonly available devices. Fourth, these are inexpensive devices.
• the previously described embodiments of the invention have many advantages, including lower cost and higher resolution, with limited space.
• the KVM switch transfers video signals at approximately 400 MHz from the selected host computer to one of a plurality of OCC monitors.
• Higher video rates including video rates of up to 2048 ⁇ 1536 resolution at approximately 85 Hertz (QXGA), are supported while maintaining quality video.
• QXGA Quadrature amplitude modulation
• the roll-off effect that occurs with video at higher speeds is compensated by operational amplifiers, thereby contributing to the crisp video quality.
• the novel use of RF switches results in a simple and low cost solution. For video signals at this speed, and for allowing multiple video busses, the RF switches used conserve space as compared to alternative solutions such as RTL logic.

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• 2002
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