US20040260302A1 - Internal brace for distraction arthroplasty - Google Patents

An internal brace for distraction arthroplasty includes femoral and tibial components which can be fixed to a patient's femur and tibia and which in combination distract or separate the knee joint without substantially hindering mobility of the knee.

• This invention relates to a brace for use with patients suffering from osteoarthritis in the knee. More particularly, the invention relates to an internal brace which can be fixed to a patient's femur and tibia and which distracts or separates the knee joint without substantially hindering mobility of the knee.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

• The main radiological finding of a unicompartment osteoarthritis of the knee is the loss or decrease in the articular cartilage space. The secondary findings are spur formation and/or synovitis of the knee. The articular cartilage that is lost in the knee generally occurs in either one of two ways; first in the medial joint and then extending to the patellofemoral joint and eventually to the lateral joint. When this situation occurs the patient has a varus deformity of the knee. The other situation that occurs is a loss of the lateral joint articular cartilage initially, then loss of the patellofemoral cartilage space, and eventually, loss of the medial joint compartment space. In this situation one has a valgus deformity of the knee. Present also in a primary osteoarthritis or unicompartment arthritis of the knee is loss of the meniscal space due to an extrusion of the meniscus and/or tears of the meniscus. In other words, generally there is a primary loss of the articular cartilage followed by secondary degenerative changes of the menisci.

• The other situations that can occur are a primary tear of the lateral meniscus which can lead to lateral joint arthritis, or tear of the medial meniscus leading to secondary osteoarthritis of the medial joint. The latter situation often occurs in traumatic injuries in young people who later on develop osteoarthritis of the knee. In both situations, the end result is that there is a loss or decrease in either the medial or lateral joint space with associated tearing or extrusion of the medial meniscus or lateral meniscus.

• There are ways to prevent or treat the collapse of the medial and lateral joint. The present techniques include a unispacer, a unicompartment knee replacement, a meniscal transplant or allograft, a high tibial osteotomy, and/or an unloading external brace. All of these techniques seek to prevent further collapse of the medial and lateral joints, i.e., they provide for decompression of the medial and lateral joints. All of these methods except for bracing have limitations in that they do not encourage replenishment or regeneration of the articular cartilage but rather replace the surface of the articular cartilage.

• An object of the invention is to provide an internal brace for the medial and/or lateral joint of the knee which will prevent this process from progressing.

• Another object is to provide an internal knee brace which will provide for decompression of the medial and/or lateral joints without removing or replacing articular cartilage.

• A still further object of the invention is to provide an internal brace for a knee joint in which the adjacent joint surfaces are forced apart in order to give the cartilage between the surfaces a chance to regenerate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

• An internal brace of the knee must provide for the rolling motion of the knee, the rotational motion of the knee, and the sagittal plane motion of the knee for flexion and extension. The knee joint includes a meniscal space that forms a triangular shape along the anterior, posterior, lateral and medial aspect of the knee. The invention provides an implantable brace for use in a knee joint which functions as a wedge in this meniscal space to distract or pry open the joint where there has been unicompartment articulate cartilage narrowing, while enabling motion of the knee both in anterior and posterior rolling motions, and providing for rotational and sagittal plane motion.

THE DRAWINGS

• FIG. 1 is a side sectional view along the line 1-1 of FIG. 2 showing the femoral and tibial components of a brace in accordance with the invention;

• FIG. 2 is a front view of the brace;

• FIG. 3 is a front view of a knee joint showing the brace installed in the medial joint; and

• FIG. 4 is a side view of the knee joint shown in FIG. 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

• A brace according to the invention comprises a

  femoral component

  10 and a

  tibial component

  12. The

  femoral component

  10 includes an

  elongated stem

  14 and a

  condylar protrusion

  16 which has a convex

  lower surface

  18.

• The

  tibial component

  12 includes a

  stem

  20 and an

  upper tray

  22 which includes a concave

  upper surface

  24 to receive the mating concave

  lower surface

  18 of the

  condylar protrusion

  16 when the brace is installed. Each component includes

  holes

  26 for attachment to the knee by means of screws.

• Tray

  22 of

  tibial component

  12 is contoured to match the contour of the tibial plateau whereas the curvature of the

  condylar protrusion

  16 of

  femoral component

  10 should conform to the curvature of the condyle.

• FIGS. 3 and 4 show the brace installed in the medial joint. Portions of the patient's

  femur

  30 and

  tibia

  32 are removed to receive the

  stems

  14 and 20, respectively. The

  brace components

  10 and 12 are secured by screw fixation underneath the medial collateral ligament (not shown). When installed, the

  condylar protrusion

  16 and

  tibial tray

  22 form a wedge that fits into the triangular meniscal space in the medial joint thereby separating the femur and tibia, with the separation dependent on the thickness of the two components. Because of the complementary curvatures of the engaging surfaces of the

  condylar protrusion

  16 and

  tibial tray

  22, installment of the brace will not impede normal movement of the knee.

• The brace may be installed on either the medial or lateral side and serves to distract or decompress a diminished knee compartment of either the medial or lateral joint. In either case, the collateral ligament (medial or lateral) is preserved in introducing the brace to the knee joint.

• Enforcement of the brace may require excision of the medial portion of the meniscus or placement of the brace above the meniscal surface. The same type of incision that is used in a unicompartment can be used for insertion of the brace. At the time of surgery, any narrowing of the joint can be determined radiologicaly and restoration of the joint space can be affirmed by means of X-rays. It is possible that decompression of the medial or lateral joint may result in increased compression on the opposite joint, in which case the use of a brace on both sides of the joint may be indicated.