US3839535A - Internal combustion engine exhaust treatment - Google Patents

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Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/72—Copper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
  • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
  • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
  • F01N3/043—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
  • F01N3/046—Exhaust manifolds with cooling jacket
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
  • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
  • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
  • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
  • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
  • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
  • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
  • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
  • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
  • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
  • F01N3/2821—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates the support being provided with means to enhance the mixing process inside the converter, e.g. sheets, plates or foils with protrusions or projections to create turbulence
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
  • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

• a catalytic reactor to be connected in series with ducting for hot gases containing CO comprises:
• This invention relates generally to pollution reduction, and more particularly concerns improvements in internal combustion engine exhaust treatment in catalytic reactors.
• the fin metal may advantageously consist of copper strip, corrugated and wound in a spiral about an axis extending longitudinally in the case, so that the corrugations and passages extend longitudinally therein.
• a pack may be easily formed and introduced into the case to maximize catalytic effectiveness by virtue of 3,839,535 Patented Oct. 1, 1974 great surface area while minimizing back pressure creation.
• corrugations which may be formed to have saw-tooth configuration, with multiple spirally wound strips stacked endwise in the case.
• the latter may consist of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and there may be cooling means to assure that the exhaust gas temperature is such as to promote desired catalytic action.
• FIG. 1 is an elevation showing a reactor connected with an engine exhaust
• FIG. 2 is an enlarged section taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a fragmentary section showing a modification
• FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section showing another modification
• FIG. 5 is a perspective showing of a portion of the catalytic reactor strip
• FIG. 6 is a section taken on line 6--6 of FIG. 5, and
• FIGS. 7 and 8 are fragmentary elevations showing still other modifications.
• an internal combustion engine 10 of Otto, Diesel or other cycle, has an exhaust manifold 11 connected with a tail pipe 12.
• a catalytic reactor 13 comprising a longitudinally elongated generally tubular case 14 having lengthwise spaced entrance and exit ports 15 and 16.
• the fins Contained within the tubular case are multiple metallic fins extended longitudinally in closely packed relation to form multiple flow passages for the engine exhaust, the passages being spaced apart transversely of the case interior.
• the fins may be defined as corrugations 17 on multiple metallic strips 18 each wound in a spiral about an axis 19 extending longitudinally in the case.
• the strips are stacked end to end in multiple sections, as shown.
• the striking of the tabs from the strip forms openings 21 communicating between the longitudinal passages 22 between such windings, so that hot exhaust gases may not only flow lengthwise in intimate contact with the windings, but may also be deflected by the tabs and through the openings to impinge against the strip winding surfaces. In this way, maximum contacting and scrubbing of the dispersed gases against the thin windings is achieved, for catalytic reaction.
• the corrugations may have saw tooth configuration in FIG. 2 cross section as defined by flat portions 18a and folds 18b; further the thickness of the Strip may with unusual advantage be between .004 and .007 inch; the crest to crest dimensions of the saw tooth corrugations may lie between A and inch; the gap between adjacent windings may be about to inch; and the crest to trough dimensions of the saw tooth corrugations may lie between A and /2 inch.
• the fin or strip metal consists of a catalyst which, when contacted by the hot exhaust gases, reduces the oxide content of the latter thereby to increase the oxygen content in the exhaust discharge from the exit port 16.
• the fin metal consists essentially of copper, as for example pure copper which when contacted by the hot exhaust gases produces the following reactions with respect to CO CO, N and NO, and at the indicated temperatures:
• An important aspect of the invention concerns the con-*, trol or maintenance of exhaust gas temperature at a level, or levels such as promote desired catalytic action, as described.
• Such control may be efiected by exhaust gas cooling in the line 12, as for example the line 12c which may be unrestricted or may include a valve 42 as shown (which may be open for unrestricted flow).
• the exhaust may be pre-cooled in a heat exchanger 43 in line 12b, as indicated and for this purpose valve 44 in that line may be opened to desired degree.
• the intent is to provide such control (manual or automatic) as will ensure maintenance of the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the reactor 13 within a range such as will promote the desired catalytic action for the copper fin reactor as described. That range is between about 150 F.
• An exhaust temperature sensor may be provided at 45 at the entrance to the reactor, to provide input for the control and actuator 46 for one or both valves 42 and 44.
• particulate matter such as lead compounds, carbon residues and dirt will be passed through a reactor constructed in accordance with trapped in the catalytic bed structure.
• fuel does not contaminate copper.
• Equation (7) above shows the manner in which water is produced from the engine exhaust hydrocarbons; also, water is condensed out of the exhaust gases flowing through the reactor. Such produced and condensed water may be drained from the reactor, as for example via a drainage outlet in the case, shown at 40 in FIG. 1. Another method would be to collect the water in a gravity trap which may be periodically drained.
• the temperature of the strip material 18 should preferably be kept under 550 F., and for that purpose cooling of the case 14 may be enhanced as by the means shown for example in FIGS. 3 and 4.
• cooling fins 25 project from the case 26 which, together with the fins, may consist of aluminum or alloys thereof.
• a waterjacket 27 surrounds the case 28 to retain cooling water 29 therebetween.
• FIG. 1 also illustrates diffuser cones 30 and 31 at the entrance and exit ends of the reactor, to assure desired distribution of the exhaust flow through the many passages formed between the strip windings, and to prevent direct initial impingement of the exhaust gases on the catalyst, since such direct impingement of hot gases tends to erode and ablate the thin catalyst sections.
• a perforated diffuser plate 32 extends across the interior of the shell 33 containing the strip windings or fill 34, at
• the reactor may be used, as in a submarine or space station to process air breathed by the crew to convert CO to C and 0 with attendant advantages such as extending the underwater cruise time of the submarine, or replenishing the oxygen content of the space station atmosphere.
• the device may, in fact, be used advantageously anywhere to decrease the C0, C0 and NO content of the atmosphere.
• the method of treating internal combustion engine exhaust gas flow to reduce their oxide content and to increase oxygen content of the gases that includes:
• the method of claim 1 including the step of confining the gas flow within a flow zone wherein the fins are located to extend generally lengthwise of the flow.
• controlling step includes pre-cooling the exhaust gas prior to contact thereof with said fins.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

Description

Claims (1)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26811882

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (8)

• 1972
  • 1972-10-11 US US00296650A patent/US3839535A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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