WO2024100077A1 - Beverage or foodstuff preparation system - Google Patents

BEVERAGE OR FOODSTUFF PREPARATION SYSTEM

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to electrically operated beverage or foodstuff preparation systems, with which a beverage or foodstuff is prepared from a pre-portioned capsule.

BACKGROUND

Systems for the preparation of a beverage comprise a beverage preparation machine and a capsule. The capsule comprises a single-serving of a beverage forming precursor material, e.g. ground coffee or tea. The beverage preparation machine is arranged to execute a beverage preparation process on the capsule, typically by the exposure of pressurized, heated water to said precursor material. Processing of the capsule in this manner causes the at least partial extraction of the precursor material from the capsule as the beverage.

This configuration of beverage preparation machine has increased popularity due to 1) enhanced user convenience compared to a conventional beverage preparation machines (e.g. compared to a manually operated stove-top espresso maker) and 2) an enhanced beverage preparation process, wherein: preparation information encoded by a code on the capsule is read by the machine to define a recipe, and; the recipe is used by the machine to optimise the preparation process in a manner specific to the capsule. In particular, the encoded preparation information may comprise operating parameters selected in the beverage preparation process, including: fluid temperature; fluid pressure; preparation duration, and; fluid volume.

WO2016173735 A1 discloses a code arranged on a capsule. The code includes circular encoding lines on which data is encoded as a data unit arranged at an encoding distance from a start position on the encoding line. Reading of the code may introduce errors in the encoding distance, e.g.: if the surface on which the code is formed is subject to discontinuities due to handling, or; if debris on the surface on which the code is formed is erroneously interpreted as a unit of the code.

Therefore, in spite of the effort already invested in the development of said systems further improvements are desirable.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a container for containing a precursor material for use with a machine for preparing a beverage or foodstuff or a precursor thereof and said machine. The container including a machine-readable code storing preparation information for use with a preparation process performed by said machine, in which the machine is controlled based on the preparation information to prepare said beverage and/or foodstuff or precursor thereof. As used herein reference to a “code” may include one or more repetitions of the code. In embodiments, the code comprises a reference portion for locating a data portion, wherein the data portion comprises at least one data unit arranged an encoding distance (d) from a start position along a virtual encoding line (E) as a variable to at least partially encode a value of a parameter of the preparation information.

In embodiments, the container includes a body portion that has a storage portion for containing the precursor material and a closing member to close the storage portion (e.g. for a container arranged as a capsule). In embodiments, the code is arranged on the closing member. In embodiments, the storage portion includes a cavity that extends in a depth direction from the closing member. The container may have a maximum depth that is less than its diameter, which can be measured at the opening of the storage portion. In embodiments, the body portion includes a flange portion that connects the storage portion to the closing member. In embodiments, the cavity of the storage portion extends in a depth direction from the flange portion. The flange portion may present a generally planar peripheral rim for receiving the closing member. In embodiments, the flange portion is planar. As used herein the term “planar” in respect of the flange portion may refer to the flange portion arranged to extend entirely with the lateral and longitudinal directions, or substantially with said directions (e.g. with major components in these directions as opposed to a depth direction). In embodiments, the body portion is formed of walls that are joined at seams and/or folded (e.g. for a container arranged as a packet).

In embodiments, the machine includes: a code reading system to read the code of the container; a processing unit for processing precursor material of the container, and; electrical circuitry to control the processing unit based on the preparation information read from the code.

In embodiments, the electrical circuitry is configured to: determine a position of data unit(s) of the code (e.g. from a digital image of the code obtained by the code reading system), including by determining one or more of the encoding distance(s) d from the code and/or coordinates of the unts; determine if a validity condition associated with a position of the or each data unit is met based on one or more of: 1) a predetermined number of data units being identified on a portion (the portion including a specific section of or all of said line, the presence of one of more data units (e.g. any of 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5 data units) may be required for each encoding distance encoded on the encoding line) of said encoding line; 2) portions of the encoding line being absent a data unit (an absence of a data unit may be required between, including entirely between, adjoining end positions and start positions for different encoding distances, e.g. between two data units that encoding distance (d) from the start position) or, optionally including a single data unit (an absence or presence of a data unit, and not for example two data units within the bounds of a predetermined position may be a requisite for binary information which is encoded by the absence or presence of a data unit at said predetermined position), and; 3) a distance along the encoding line between data units on said encoding line being above or less than a predetermined amount (e.g. data units for adjoining encoding distances can have a minimum distance they are required to be apart, or two data units that encode a single value may be required to have a threshold separation distance); convert the or each encoding distance(s) d to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s) (e.g. using a rule stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry that comprises the value as a function of the distance d), and; control the processing unit based on the values(s) of the parameter(s).

By implementing the electrical circuitry to determine if the code is valid based on a position of or absence of data units at positions on one or more the encoding line(s), the code may be conveniently analysed prior to the computational expense of full processing of the code to extract the values of the parameters (e.g. by the implementation of algorithms to convert the encoding distance(s) to said value(s). Moreover, a likelihood of erroneous values may be reduced.

In embodiments, the electrical circuitry is implemented as one or more processors, which are configured to implement the disclosed steps performed by the code reading system (e.g., including determining said validity condition) and/or the steps performed by the processing unit for processing precursor material of the container. The processors may execute program code stored on electronic memory and/or may execute programable logic, e.g., as a logic array, gate array, structured array etc.ln embodiments, if said validity condition is not met then, the electrical circuitry is configured not to: convert the or each encoding distance(s) (d) to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s), and (not to); control the processing unit based on the values(s) of the parameter(s). By not implementing full processing of the code to extract the values for an invalid code, erroneous values may be avoided. In embodiments, if said validity condition is met then, the electrical circuitry is configured to: convert the or each encoding distance(s) d to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s), and; control the processing unit based on the values(s) of the parameter(s). In embodiments, there are a plurality of codes (e.g. in the digital image) on the container, and if said validity condition is not met (e.g. for one of the codes), then the electrical circuitry is configured to: determine a partial read condition, which is based on one or more of (e.g. with either and, or logic): there being a predetermined number (e.g. 2 or 3) of reference portions of the codes identified (e.g. in the digital mage, a reference portion of a code may comprise the three or other number of reference units with a unique arrangement as disclosed herein); there being a predetermined number of units identified (e.g. in the digital image, the predetermined number of units may be less than the number of units, including reference and/or data units, in an individual code, but above a threshold which may indicate a high probability of a successful read if the code is read a subsequent time - e.g. one or two or other number of units are missing); if the partial read condition is met then the code reading system may be configured to read the codes a subsequent time (which can include obtaining a subsequent digital image of the code and determining the above mentioned validity condition for a code of the subsequent digital image).

By implementing the determination of a partial read condition, codes that are likely to be successfully read a second time may be reprocessed. The partial read condition may also be determined before determining the validity condition or instead of.

In embodiments, if the partial read condition not met, the electrical circuitry is configured not to: convert the or each encoding distance(s) d to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s), and; control the processing unit based on the values(s) of the parameter(s). By not implementing full processing of the code to extract the values for partially read code, erroneous values may be avoided.

In embodiments, the code reading system reads the code by processing a digital image of the code, and reading the codes a subsequent time comprises instructing a camera system of the code reading system to obtain a subsequent digital image of the code (and to read the codes a subsequent time from the subsequent digital image). In embodiments, the electrical circuitry is configured to reposition the container with a container positioning system (e.g. a system, including an arm, that positions the code of the container relative the camera system) for obtaining the digital image (including the subsequent digital image) of the code.

In embodiments, the encoding line is circular and the distance d is an angular distance (e.g. in radians). In embodiments, and there are a plurality of encoding lines. In embodiments, the or each data unit is arranged any continuous encoding distance d from the start position along the virtual encoding line(s) D. In embodiments, the electrical circuitry is configured to convert the encoding distance(s) d to a value of the parameter using a rule stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry.

In embodiments, said machine includes: a code reading system to read the code of the container; a processing unit for processing precursor material of the container, and; electrical circuitry to control the processing unit based on the preparation information read from the code. The electrical circuitry is configured to: read (e.g. from a digital image of the code obtained by the code reading system) one or more of the encoding distance(s) d from the code; convert (e.g. using a rule stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry that comprises the value as a function of the distance d) the or each encoding distance(s) d to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s); wherein the electrical circuitry is configured to determine if a coherency condition associated with the or each value(s) (e.g. a magnitude of the value) of the parameter(s) is met, and; if said coherency condition is met then to control the processing unit based on the values(s) of the parameter(s).

By implementing the electrical circuitry (e.g. one or more processors and electronic memory on the machine or distributed in the system) to determine if a coherency condition related to the numerical value of a parameter has been met, the system has a means which may improve a likelihood of excluding incoherent values that may be caused by read errors from being used to control the processing unit.

As used herein the term “determine if a condition associated with the or each value” may refer to the value itself being used to determine the condition or a numerical quantity which is related to the value, including the encoding distance or another numerical quantity which is calculated from or use to calculate the value or the encoding distance.

In embodiments, the coherency condition associated with a parameter comprises determining if the value of the parameter is within a threshold of allowable values (e.g. an if within then said condition may be considered to be met, else it may not be considered met). In embodiments, the electrical circuitry is configured to determine if the parameter is within a threshold of allowable values by determining if the value is above a lower limit value (e.g. a minimum value). In embodiments, the electrical circuitry is configured to determine if the parameter is within a threshold of allowable values by determining if the value is below an upper limit value (e.g. a maximum value, which is greater than the minimum value). By determining if the value (including a numerical quantity related thereto as discussed above) is above a particular minimum allowable value and/or is below a particular maximum value, then erroneous values may be identified in a computationally efficient manner.

In embodiments, the coherency condition associated with two or more parameters comprises determining if a first value has crossed a first threshold and if a second value is within a second threshold, wherein the second threshold may be dependent on the first threshold. By selecting the second threshold to depend of the first threshold, a durability of the method may be improved.

For example, if a first parameter of pump flow rate crosses a minimum first threshold identified as low, then a second minimum threshold for low pumping time may be triggered, which if crossed returns an error since an overall volume of fluid is low. However, said second threshold would only be activated if the first threshold were crossed and could be crossed otherwise, hence an interdependency of the thresholds.

In embodiments, the first value and second value both have an upper an lower threshold, and the second threshold is dependent on the first threshold such that: if the lower threshold of the first value is crossed the condition is determined if the lower threshold of the second value is not crossed, and/or; if the upper threshold of the first value is crossed the condition is determined if the upper threshold of the second value is not crossed.

In embodiments, the coherency condition is associated with two or more parameters and comprises determining if a result of a mathematical function of the two of more values of the parameters is within a threshold (e.g. an if within then said condition may be considered to be met, else the condition may not be considered met). By computing a result (e.g. a numerical value) as an output from a mathematical function with two or more values as inputs, combinations of values may be considered when assessing if a threshold has been crossed, which may improve durability of the method. For example, if a first parameter of pump flow rate is low and a second parameter of pump switch on time is also low, then a coherency condition may not be considered met since an overall volume of fluid of the beverage is below a volume threshold (which can be computed as the result of the function). However, if one of said values is high whilst the other is low (or both values are high) then the result of the function may be above said volume threshold such that the coherency condition may be met.

In embodiments, a threshold associated with the coherency condition is variable and is stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry and is associated with an identifier encoded by the code. By using an identifier encoded by the code (e.g. as a numerical or alphanumerical string) a threshold specific to a container may be looked-up, which may improve identification of incoherent values. For example, for a large volume capsule a minimum threshold for an amount of fluid supplied to the capsule may be larger than for a small capsule.

In embodiments, if said condition is not met then, the electrical circuitry is configured not to implement said one or more values to control the processing unit. By preventing values that have not met the coherency condition from being implemented to control the processing unit, erroneous control if the machine may be avoided.

In such an instance the electrical circuitry may be configured to implement the reading of the code a subsequent time or reading of a different code (e.g. to obtain new one or more encoding distance d and repeat the process again). Subsequent reading of the code may be executed a predetermined number of times (e.g. 2 or 3), which if exceeded the electrical circuitry may be configured to provide a notification to a user interface that the code of the container can not be read. Alternatively, no subsequent reading is provided, and said notification is provided.

In embodiments, one or more of the data unit are arranged any continuous encoding distance d from the start position along the virtual encoding line D. By implementing continuous coding, rather than allowing the data unit of occupy only predetermined discrete positions along the encoding line, a wider range of numerical values are achievable, and the checking of the values against said coherency condition may be particularly important.

In embodiments, the electrical circuitry is configured to convert the encoding distance d to a value of the parameter using a rule stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry. Rules including exponential and/or non-linear relationships may exacerbate an error in a value, and the checking of the values against said condition may be particularly important.

The present disclosure provides a machine for preparing a beverage and/or foodstuff or a precursor thereof from the container of any preceding embodiment or another embodiment disclosed herein.

In embodiments, the machine comprises: a code reading system to read a code of a container; a processing unit for processing precursor material of the container, and; electrical circuitry to control the processing unit based on preparation information read from the code. The code reading system may include an image capturing unit (e.g. a camera system). As used herein the term “based on” in respect of the preparation information may refer to a direct relationship (e.g. a value of a parameter of a recipe is encoded directly on the code as the encoding distance, which may be converted to a value using a rule) or a rule is used via a stored relationship to look up one or more of said values using the preparation information as an identifier.

In embodiments, the processing unit includes a container processing unit and a fluid conditioning system, and; the electrical circuitry is arranged to control the container processing unit and fluid conditioning system based on the preparation information read from the code. In embodiments, the processing unit is arranged as a loose material processing unit, and; the electrical circuitry is arranged to control the loose material processing unit to process loose precursor material dispensed from the container or arranged in the container based on the preparation information read from the code.

In embodiments, the electrical circuitry of the machine implements any of the methods of reading preparation information from a code as disclosed herein.

The present disclosure provides use of the container or code arranged on a substrate of any preceding embodiment or another embodiment disclosed herein for a machine for preparing a beverage and/or foodstuff or a precursor thereof according to any preceding embodiment or another embodiment disclosed herein.

As used herein the term “substrate” may refer to any suitable carrier for the code that can be used to connect the code to a container or the machine in a position where it is suitable for reading as if attached to the container, examples of which include: a sticker; a cardboard member to receive an adhesive strip, and; other suitable arrangements.

The present disclosure provides a method of reading preparation information from a code for use in a preparation process, in which a machine is controlled based on the preparation information to prepare a beverage and/or foodstuff or precursor thereof. The method may implement the features of any preceding embodiment or another embodiment disclosed herein.

In embodiments, the method comprises: determining a position of data unit(s) of a code of a container for containing precursor material, with one or more encoding distance(s) (d) from a start position to a data unit along a virtual encoding line (E); determining if a validity condition associated with a position of the or each data unit is met based on one or more of: 1) a predetermined number of data units being identified on a portion of said encoding line; 2) portions of the encoding line being absent a data unit or including a single data unit, and; 3) a distance along the encoding line between data units on said encoding line being above or less than a predetermined amount; converting the or each encoding distance(s) (d) to one or more value(s) of parameter(s) of the preparation information; providing said values(s) of the parameter(s) for control of a processing unit if said condition is met.

In embodiments, the method comprises: reading one or more encoding distance(s) d from a code of a container for containing precursor material; converting the or each encoding distance(s) d to one or more value(s) of parameter(s) of the preparation information; determining if a coherency condition associated with a magnitude the or each value(s) of the parameter(s) is met, and; providing (e.g. as an output) said values(s) of the parameter(s) for control of a processing unit if said coherency condition is met.

The method may comprise controlling the processing unit based on the values(s) of the parameter(s) if said condition is met.

The method may be implemented as part of a method of preparing a beverage or foodstuff or a precursor thereof, in which a processing unit is controlled based on the preparation information to execute a preparation process on the precursor material.

The present disclosure provides electrical circuitry to implement the method of any of the preceding embodiments or another embodiment disclosed herein.

The present disclosure provides a computer readable medium comprising program code, which may be executable on one or more processors, to implement the method of the preceding embodiments or another embodiment disclosed herein.

The preceding summary is provided for purposes of summarizing some embodiments to provide a basic understanding of aspects of the subject matter described herein. Accordingly, the abovedescribed features are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Moreover, the above and/or proceeding embodiments may be combined in any suitable combination to provide further embodiments. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following Detailed Description of Embodiments, Brief Description of Figures, and Claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Aspects, features and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments in reference to the appended drawings in which like numerals denote like elements.

Figure 1 is a block system diagram showing an embodiment system for preparation of a beverage or foodstuff.

Figure 2 is a block system diagram showing an embodiment machine of the system of figure 1 .

Figure 3 is an illustrative diagram showing an embodiment fluid conditioning system of the machine of figure 2.

Figures 4 and 5 are illustrative diagrams showing an embodiment container processing system of the machine of figure 2 on open and closed positions.

Figure 6 is an illustrative diagram showing an embodiment machine of figure 2, which comprises a loose material processing unit.

Figure 7 is a block diagram showing embodiment control electrical circuitry of the machine of figure 2.

Figures 8 and 9 are illustrative diagrams showing embodiment containers of the system of figure 1.

Figure 10 is flow diagram showing an embodiment preparation process, which is performed by the system of figure 1 .

Figure 11 is a plan view showing an embodiment code of the containers of the system of figure 1.

Figures 12 and 13 are flow diagrams showing embodiment processes for extracting preparation information from the code of figure 11 .

Figure 14 is a flow diagram showing embodiment processes for checking coherency of the preparation information.

Figure 15 is a flow diagram showing embodiment processes for checking validity of the code. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Before describing several embodiments of the system, it is to be understood that the system is not limited to the details of construction or process steps set forth in the following description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the system is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways.

The present disclosure may be better understood in view of the following explanations:

As used herein, the term “machine” may referto an electrically operated device that: can prepare, from a precursor material, a beverage and/or foodstuff, or; can prepare, from a pre-precursor material, a precursor material that can be subsequently prepared into a beverage and/or foodstuff. The machine may implement said preparation by one or more of the following processes: dilution; heating; cooling; mixing; whisking; dissolution; soaking; steeping; extraction; conditioning; infusion; grinding, and; other like process. The machine may be dimensioned for use on a work top, e.g. it may be less than 70 cm in length, width and height. As used herein, the term “prepare” in respect of a beverage and/or foodstuff may refer to the preparation of at least part of the beverage and/or foodstuff (e.g. a beverage is prepared by said machine in its entirety or part prepared to which the end-user may manually add extra fluid prior to consumption, including milk and/or water).

As used herein, the term "container" may refer to any configuration to contain the precursor material, e.g. as a single-serving, pre-portioned amount. The container may have a maximum capacity such that it can only contain a single-serving of precursor material. The container may be single use, e.g. it is physically altered after a preparation process, which can include one or more of: perforation to supply fluid to the precursor material; perforation to supply the beverage/foodstuff from the container; opening by a user to extract the precursor material. The container may be configured for operation with a container processing unit of the machine, e.g. it may include a flange for alignment and directing the container through or arrangement on said unit. The container may include a rupturing portion, which is arranged to rupture when subject to a particular pressure to deliver the beverage/foodstuff. The container may have a membrane for closing the container. The container may have various forms, including one or more of: frustoconical; cylindrical; disk; hemispherical; packet; other like form. The container may be formed from various materials, such as metal or plastic or paper or a combination thereof. The material may be selected such that it is one or more of: food-safe; it can withstand the pressure and/or temperature of a preparation process, and; it is biodegradable. The container may be defined as a capsule, wherein a capsule may have an internal volume of 20 - 100 ml. The capsule includes a coffee capsule, e.g. a Nespresso® or Nescafe® capsule (including a Classic, Professional, Vertuo, Dolce Gusto or other capsule). The container may be defined as a receptacle, wherein a receptacle may have an internal volume of 150 - 350 ml. The receptacle is typically for end user consumption therefrom, and includes a pot, for consumption via an implement including a spoon, and a cup for drinking from. The container may be defined as a packet, wherein the packet is formed from a flexible material, including plastic or foil. A packet may have an internal volume of 150 - 350 ml or 200 - 300 ml or 50 - 150 ml.

As used herein, the term “external device” or "external electronic device" or “peripheral device” may include electronic components external to the machine, e.g. those arranged at a same location as the machine or those remote from the machine, which communicate with the machine over a computer network. The external device may comprise a communication interface for communication with the machine and/or a server system. The external device may comprise devices including: a smartphone; a PDA; a video game controller; a tablet; a laptop; or other like device.

As used herein, the term “server system” may refer to electronic components external to the machine, e.g. those arranged at a remote location from the machine, which communicate with the machine over a computer network. The server system may comprise a communication interface for communication with the machine and/or the external device. The server system can include: a networked-based computer (e.g. a remote server); a cloud-based computer; any other server system.

As used herein, the term “system” or "beverage or foodstuff preparation system" may refer to the combination of any two of more of: the beverage or foodstuff preparation machine; the container; the server system, and; the peripheral device.

As used herein, the term "beverage" may refer to any substance capable of being processed to a potable substance, which may be chilled or hot. The beverage may be one or more of: a solid (e.g. a solid suspended in a liquid); a liquid; a gel; a paste. The beverage may include one or a combination of: tea; coffee; hot chocolate; milk; cordial; vitamin composition; herbal tea/infusion; infused/flavoured water, and; other substance. As used herein, the term "foodstuff may refer to any substance capable of being processed to a nutriment for eating, which may be chilled or hot. The foodstuff may be one or more of: a solid; a liquid; a gel; a paste. The foodstuff may include: yoghurt; mousse; parfait; soup; ice cream; sorbet; custard; smoothies; other substance. It will be appreciated that there is a degree of overlap between the definitions of a beverage and foodstuff, e.g. a beverage can also be a foodstuff and thus a machine that is said to prepare a beverage or foodstuff does not preclude the preparation of both.

As used herein, the term "precursor material” may refer to any material capable of being processed to form part or all of the beverage or foodstuff. The precursor material can be one or more of a: powder; crystalline; liquid; gel; solid, and; other. Examples of a beverage forming precursor material include: ground coffee; milk powder; tea leaves; coco powder; vitamin composition; herbs, e.g. for forming a herbal/infusion tea; a flavouring, and; other like material. Examples of a foodstuff forming precursor material include: dried vegetables or stock as anhydrous soup powder; powdered milk; flour based powders including custard; powdered yoghurt or ice-cream, and; other like material. A precursor material may also refer to any preprecursor material capable of being processed to a precursor material as defined above, i.e. any precursor material that can subsequently be processed to a beverage and/or foodstuff. In an example, the pre-precursor material includes coffee beans which can be ground and/or heated (e.g. roasted) to the precursor material.

A precursor material may also refer to any pre-precursor material capable of being processed to a precursor material as defined above, i.e. any precursor material that can subsequently be processed to a beverage and/or foodstuff. In an example, the pre-precursor material includes coffee beans which can be ground and/or heated (e.g. roasted) to the precursor material.

As used herein, the term "fluid" (in respect of fluid supplied by a fluid conditioning system) may include one or more of: water; milk; other. As used herein, the term "conditioning" in respect of a fluid may refer to to change a physical property thereof and can include one or more of the following: heating or cooling; agitation (including frothing via whipping to introduce bubbles and mixing to introduce turbulence); portioning to a single-serving amount suitable for use with a single serving container; pressurisation e.g. to a brewing pressure; carbonating; fliting/purifying, and; other conditioning process.

As used herein, the term "processing unit" may refer to an arrangement that can process precursor material to a beverage or foodstuff. It may refer to an arrangement that can process a pre-precursor material to a precursor material. As used herein, the term "container processing unit" may refer to an arrangement that can process a container to derive an associated beverage or foodstuff from a precursor material. The container processing unit may be arranged to process the precursor material by one of more of the following: dilution; heating; cooling; mixing; whisking; dissolution; soaking; steeping; extraction; conditioning; pressurisation; infusion, and: other processing step. The container processing unit may therefore implement a range of units depending on the processing step, which can include: an extraction unit (which may implement a pressurised and/or a thermal, e.g. heating or cooling, brewing process); a mixing unit (which mixes a beverage or foodstuff in a receptacle for end user consumption therefore; a dispensing and dissolution unit (which extracts a portion of the precursor material from a repository, processes by dissolution and dispenses it into a receptacle), and: other like unit.

As used herein, the term "loose material processing unit" may refer to an arrangement that can process loose material of a pre-precursor material to a precursor material. The loose material processing unit may be arranged to process the pre-precursor material by one of more of the following: heating; cooling; grinding; mixing; soaking; conditioning; other processing step. The loose material may be supplied to the loose material processing unit in a container, from which it is extracted and processed.

As used herein, the term "preparation process" may refer to a process to prepare a beverage or foodstuff from a precursor material or to prepare a pre-precursor material from precursor material. A preparation process may refer to the processes electrical circuitry executes to control the container processing unit to process said precursor or pre-precursor material.

As used herein, the term "electrical circuitry" or "circuitry" or "control electrical circuitry" may refer to one or more hardware and/or software components, examples of which may include one or more of: an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or other programable logic; electronic/electrical componentry (which may include combinations of transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors etc); one or more processors (e.g. circuitry structure of the processor); a non-transitory memory (e.g. implemented by one or more memory devices), that may store one or more software or firmware programs; a combinational logic circuit; interconnection of the aforesaid. The electrical circuitry may be located entirely at the machine, or distributed between one or more of: the machine; external devices; a server system.

As used herein, the term "processor" or "processing resource" may refer to one or more units for processing, examples of which include an ASIC, microcontroller, FPGA, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), state machine or other suitable component. A processor may be configured to execute a computer program, e.g. which may take the form of machine readable instructions, which may be stored on a non-transitory memory and/or programmable logic. The processor may have various arrangements corresponding to those discussed for the circuitry, e.g. on-board machine or distributed as part of the system. As used herein, any machine executable instructions, or computer readable media, may be configured to cause a disclosed method to be carried out, e.g. by the machine or system as disclosed herein, and may therefore be used synonymously with the term method, or each other.

As used herein, the term "computer readable medium/media" or "data storage" may include any medium capable of storing a computer program, and may take the form of any conventional non-transitory memory, for example one or more of: random access memory (RAM); a CD; a hard drive; a solid state drive; a memory card; a DVD. The memory may have various arrangements corresponding to those discussed for the circuitry.

As used herein, the term "communication resources" or "communication interface" may refer to hardware and/or firmware for electronic information transfer. The communication resources/interface may be configured for wired communication (“wired communication resources/interface”) or wireless communication (“wireless communication resources/interface”). Wireless communication resources may include hardware to transmit and receive signals by radio and may include various protocol implementations e.g. the 802.11 standard described in the Institute of Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Bluetooth™ from the Bluetooth Special Interest Group of Kirkland Wash. Wired communication resources may include; Universal Serial Bus (USB); High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) or other protocol implementations. The machine may include communication resources for wired or wireless communication with an external device and/or server system.

As used herein, the term "network" or "computer network" may refer to a system for electronic information transfer between a plurality of apparatuses/devices. The network may, for example, include one or more networks of any type, which may include: a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN); a telephone network (e.g. a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and/or a wireless network); a local area network (LAN); a metropolitan area network (MAN); a wide area network (WAN); an Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network; a private network; the Internet; an intranet. As used herein, the term "code" may refer to a storage medium that encodes preparation information. The code may be formed of a plurality of units, which can be referred to as elements or markers. The elements may implement a reference portion and a data portion, wherein the reference portion enables location of the data portion, which encodes the preparation information.. The code may be arranged as a two dimensional code, which is processed via a digital image obtained from a camera of the code reader. It will be understood that a code may therefore exclude a mere surface finish or branding on a container, which is not configured in any way for information storage.

As used herein the term “preparation information” may refer to one of more of: a parameter having a value as defined herein; a recipe as defined herein; an identifier use to look-up one or more parameters, all of which maybe used to control the processing unit or other component for processing the precursor material. The identifier may be encoded as binary information where an absence or presence of a unit at a position designates a logical 1 or 0.

As used herein, the term “parameter” may refer to a variable that is used as an input for controlling (e.g. RPM) and/or or a property of the beverage/foodstuff or a precursor thereof that is controlled by the processing unit (e.g. a fluid target temperature or volume) during the preparation process. Depending on the implementation of the processing unit said parameter may vary. Examples include: volume of a particular component of the beverage and/or foodstuff; fluid temperature; fluid flow rate; operational parameters of the processing unit, e.g. RPM of an extraction unit based on centrifugation or closing force for a hydraulic brewing unit; an order of dispensing of components of the beverage and/or foodstuff; agitation (e.g. frothing degree); any of the aforesaid defined for one or more phases, wherein the preparation process is composed of a series of sequential, discrete phases. The parameters that may be associated container processing unit that comprises a loose material processing unit, can include one or more of: grinding parameters, including intensity; heating temperature. The parameter may have a value, which may be numerical and can vary in predetermined increments between predetermined limits, e.g. a temperature of the water may vary between 60 - 90 degrees in 5 degree increments.

As used herein, the term “recipe” or “control data set” may refer to a combination of said parameters, e.g. as a full or partial set of inputs, that are used by the processing unit to prepare a particular beverage and/or food stuff.

As used herein, the term "preparation process" may refer to a process to prepare a beverage or foodstuff from a precursor material or to prepare a pre-precursor material from precursor material. A preparation process may refer to the processes electrical circuitry executes to control the processing unit to process said precursor or pre-precursor material.

As used herein, the term "code reading process" may refer to the process of reading the code to extract the preparation information (which can include the identifier and/or parameters). The process may include one or more of the following steps: obtaining a digital image of the code or a code signal; extracting a sequence of bits from the code; identifying a finder portion of the code in the sequence; locating a data portion using the finder portion, and; extracting the preparation information from the data portion.

[General system description]

Referring to figure 1 , the system 2 comprises a machine 4, a container 6, server system 8 and a peripheral device 10. The server system 8 is in communication with the machine 4 via a computer network 12. The peripheral device 10 is in communication with the machine 4 via the computer network 12.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: the peripheral device and/or server system is omitted.

Although the computer network 12 is illustrated as the same between the machine 4, server system 8 and peripheral device 10, other configurations are possible, including: a different computer network for intercommunication between each device: the server system communicates with the machine via the peripheral device rather than directly. In a particular example: the peripheral device communicates with the machine via a wireless interface, e.g. with a Bluetooth™ protocol, and; the server system communicates with the machine via a via a wireless interface, e.g. with a IEE 802.11 standard, and also via the internet.

[Machine]

Referring to figure 2, the machine 4 comprises: a processing unit 14 for processing the precursor material; electrical circuitry 16, and; a code reading system 18.

The electrical circuitry 16 controls the code reading system 18 to read a code (not illustrated in figure 2) from the container 6 and determine preparation information therefrom. The electrical circuitry 16 uses the preparation information to control the processing unit 14 to execute a preparation process, in which the precursor material is process to a beverage or foodstuff or a precursor thereof. [First example of Processing unit]

Referring to figures 3, 4 and 5, in a first example of the processing unit 14, said unit comprises a container processing unit 20 and a fluid conditioning system 22.

The container processing unit 20 is arranged to process the container 6 to derive a beverage or foodstuff from precursor material (not illustrated) therein. The fluid conditioning system 22 conditions fluid supplied to the container processing unit 20. The electrical circuitry 16 uses the preparation information read from the container 6 to control the container processing unit 20 and the fluid conditioning system 22 to execute the preparation process.

[Fluid conditioning system]

Referring to figure 3, the fluid conditioning system 22 includes a reservoir 24; pump 26; heat exchanger 28, and; an outlet 30 for the conditioned fluid. The reservoir 24 contains fluid, typically sufficient for multiple preparation processes. The pump 26 displaces fluid from the reservoir 24, through the heat exchanger 26 and to the outlet 30 (which is connected to the container processing unit 20). The pump 26 can be implement as any suitable device to drive fluid, including: a reciprocating; a rotary pump; other suitable arrangement. The heat exchanger 28 is implemented to heat the fluid, and can include: an in-line, thermo block type heater; a heating element to heat the fluid directly in the reservoir; other suitable arrangement.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: the pump is omitted, e.g. the fluid is fed by gravity to the container processing unit or is pressurised by a mains water supply; the reservoir is omitted, e.g. water is supplied by a mains water supply; the heat exchanger is arranged to cool the fluid, e.g. it may include a refrigeration-type cycle heat pump; the heat exchanger is omitted, e.g. a mains water supply supplies the water at the desired temperature; the fluid conditioning system includes a filtering/purification system, e.g. a UV light system, a degree of which that is applied to the fluid is controllable; a carbonation system that controls a degree to which the fluid is carbonated.

[Container processing unit]

The container processing unit 20 can be implemented with a range of configurations, as illustrated in examples 1 - 6 below. Generally, in examples where the machine 2 comprises a guide portion, in to which a container is inserted and is guided by gravity (e.g. under its own weight) to the container processing unit 20, the container processing unit 20 is arranged with a container holding portion and a closing portion, which are movable between a container receiving position and a container processing position in a depth direction, which is perpendicular (including substantially perpendicular) to a direction of transmission of the guide portion.

Referring to figures 4 and 5, a first example of the container processing unit 20 is for processing of a container arranged as a capsule 6 (a suitable example of a capsule is provided in figure 7, which will be discussed) to prepare a beverage. The container processing unit 20 is configured as an extraction unit 32 to extract the beverage from the capsule 6. The extraction unit 32 includes a capsule holding portion 34 and a closing portion 36. The extraction unit 32 is movable to a capsule receiving position (figure 4), in which capsule holding portion 34 and a closing portion 36 are arrange to receive a capsule 6 therebetween. The extraction unit 32 is movable to a capsule extraction position (figure 5), in which the capsule holding portion 34 and a closing portion 36 form a seal around a capsule 6, and the beverage can be extracted from the capsule 6. The extraction unit 32 can be actuator driven or manually movable between said positions.

The outlet 30 of the fluid conditioning system 22 is arranged as an injection head 38 on the capsule holding portion 34 to inject the conditioned fluid into the capsule 6 in the capsule extraction position, typically under high pressure. A beverage outlet 40 on the closing portion 36 is arranged to capture the extracted beverage and convey it from the extraction unit 32.

The extraction unit 32 is arranged to prepare a beverage by the application of pressurised (e.g. at 10 - 20 Bar), heated (e.g. at 50 - 98 degrees C) fluid to the precursor material within the capsule 6. The pressure is increased over a predetermined amount of time until a pressure of a rupturing portion (not illustrated in figures 4 and 5) of the capsule 6 is exceeded, which causes rupture of said portion and the beverage to be dispensed to the beverage outlet 40.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, although the injection head and beverage outlet are illustrated as arranged respectively on the capsule holding portion and closing portion, they may be alternatively arranged, including: the injection head and beverage outlet are arranged respectively on the closing portion capsule holding portion and; or both on the same portion. Moreover, the extraction unit may include both parts arranged as a capsule holding portion, e.g. for capsules that are symmetrical about the flange, including a Nespresso® Professional capsule. Examples of suitable extraction units are provided in EP 1472156 A1 and in EP 1784344 A1 and provide a hydraulically sealed extraction unit. In a second example (which is not illustrated) of the container processing unit a similar extraction unit to the first example is provided, however the extraction unit operates at a lower pressure and by centrifugation. An example of a suitable capsule is a Nespresso® Vertuo capsule. A suitable example is provided in EP 2594171 A1. With such an example (or indeed the other examples) a guide portion may be obviated and the container manually loaded into the extraction unit.

In a third example, (which is not illustrated) the capsule processing unit operates by dissolution of a beverage precursor that is selected to dissolve under high pressure and temperature fluid. The arrangement is similar to the extraction unit of the first and second example, however the pressure is lower and therefore a sealed extraction unit is not required. In particular, fluid can be injected into a lid of the capsule and a rupturing portion is located in a base of a storage portion of the capsule. An example of a suitable capsule is a or Nescafe® Dolce Gusto capsule. Examples of suitable extraction units are disclosed in EP 1472156 A1 and in EP 1784344 A1.

In a fourth example, (which is not illustrated) wherein the container is arranged as a packet, the container processing unit implements an extraction unit operable to receive the packet and to inject, at an inlet thereof, fluid from the fluid conditioning system. The injected fluid mixes with precursor material within the packet to at least partially prepare the beverage, which exits the packet via an outlet thereof. An example of such an arrangement is provided in WO2014125123 A1 or in WO2022023578A1 .

In a fifth example, (which is not illustrated) the container processing unit is arranged as a mixing unit to prepare a beverage or foodstuff precursor that is stored in a container that is a receptacle, which is for end user consumption therefrom. The mixing unit comprises an agitator (e.g. planetary mixer; spiral mixer; vertical cut mixer) to mix and a heat exchanger to heat/cool the beverage or foodstuff precursor in the receptacle. A fluid supply system may also supply fluid to the receptacle. An example of such an arrangement is provided in WO 2014067987 A1 .

In a sixth example, (which is not illustrated) the container processing unit is arranged as a dispensing and dissolution unit. The dispensing and dissolution unit is arranged to extract a single serving portion of beverage or foodstuff precursor from a storage portion of the machine (which can include any multi-portioned container including a packet or box). The dispensing and dissolution unit is arranged to mix the extracted single serving portion with the conditioned fluid from the fluid conditioning system, and to dispense the beverage or foodstuff into a receptacle. An example of such an arrangement is provided in EP14167344A. [Second example of Processing unit]

Referring to figure 6, in a second example of the processing unit 14, said unit comprises a comprises a loose material processing unit 42.

The loose material processing unit 42 is arranged to receive loose pre-precursor material from a container 6 (a suitable example is provided in figure 8 as will be discussed) and to process the pre-precursor material to derive the precursor material. The electrical circuitry 16 uses the preparation information read from the container 6 to control the loose material processing unit 42 to execute the preparation process.

A user resents manually the container 6 to a code reading system 18, of the machine 4, to read the code (as will be discussed). The user then opens the container 6 and dispenses the preprecursor material (not illustrated) arranged therein into the loose material processing unit 42. The loose material processing unit 42 processes the loose pre-precursor material to the precursor material.

In a particular example, the pre-precursor material is coffee beans, and the loose material processing unit 42 is arranged to roast and/or grind the coffee beans to provide a precursor material.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the loose material processing unit is alternatively configured, including: with a dispensing system to open and dispense the preprecursor from the capsule for subsequent processing (e.g. it may include a cutting tool to cut open the container and an extractor such as a scop to extract the pre-precursor material); the preprecursor material may be processed in the container and either dispensed from the container by the aforedescribed example or provided to a user in the container.

[Code reading system]

Referring to figures 4 and 5, the code reading system 18 is arranged to read a code 44 arranged on a lid of the container 6. The code reading system 18 is integrated with the extraction unit 32 of first example of the container processing unit 20. The code 44 is read with the extraction unit 32 in the capsule extraction position (as shown in figure 4).

The code reading system 18 includes a code reader 46 with an image capturing unit and a reading head housing the image capturing unit to capture a digital image of the code 44. Examples of a suitable image capturing unit include a Sonix SN9S102; Snap Sensor S2 imager; an oversampled binary image sensor; other like system.

The electrical circuitry 18 includes image processing circuitry (not illustrated) to identify the code in the digital image and extract preparation information. An example of the image processing circuitry is a Texas Instruments TMS320C5517 processor running a code processing program.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the code reading system is separate from the container processing unit including: it is arranged in a channel that the user places the container in and that conveys the container to the container processing unit; it is arranged to read a code on a receptacle, which is positioned to receive a beverage from an beverage outlet of a dispensing and dissolution unit. In further variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the code reading system is arranged to read a code at a different location of the container, e.g. on a flange or containment portion. In further variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the code is a onedimensional code and is read by relative movement between the code reader and the code to produce a code signal.

[Control electrical circuitry]

Referring to figure 7, the electrical circuitry 16 is implemented as control electrical circuitry 48 to control the processing unit 14 to execute a preparation process. In the embodiment of figure 7, for illustrative purposes, the processing unit 14 is exemplified as the first example, which comprises a container processing unit 20 and a fluid supply unit 22.

The electrical circuitry 16, 48 at least partially implements (e.g. in combination with hardware) an: input unit 50 to receive an input from a user confirming that the machine 4 is to execute a preparation process; a processor 52 to receive the input from the input unit 50 and to provide a control output to the processing unit 14, and; a feedback system 54 to provide feedback from the processing unit 54 during the preparation process, which may be used to control the preparation process.

The input unit 50 is implemented as a user interface, which can include one or more of: buttons, e.g. a joystick button or press button; joystick; LEDs; graphic or character LDCs; graphical screen with touch sensing and/or screen edge buttons; other like device; a sensor to determine whether a container has been supplied to the machine by a user. The feedback system 54 can implement one or more of the following or other feedback control based operations: a flow sensor to determine a flow rate/volume of the fluid to the outlet 30 (shown in figure 3) of the fluid supply system 22, which may be used to meter the correct amount of fluid to the container 6 and thus regulate the power to the pump 26; a temperature sensor to determine a temperature of the fluid to the outlet 30 of the fluid supply unit 22, which may be used to ensure the temperature of fluid to the container 6 is correct and thus regulate the power to the heat exchanger 28); a level sensor to determine a level of fluid in the reservoir 24 as being sufficient for a preparation process; a position sensor to determine a position of the extraction unit 32 (e.g. a capsule extraction position or a capsule receiving position).

It will be understood that the electrical circuitry 16, 44 is suitably adapted for the other examples of the processing unit 14, e.g.: for the second example of the container processing system the feedback system may be used to control speed of rotation of the capsule.

[Container]

Referring to figure 8, a first example of a container 6, that is for use with the first example of the processing unit 14 comprises the container 6 arranged as a capsule 6. The capsule 6 includes a closing member 56 and a body portion 62, which comprises a storage portion 58, and a flange portion 60.

The storage portion 58 includes a cavity for storage of the precursor material (not illustrated). The cavity of the storage portion extends in a depth direction 106 from the flange portion 60. Referring to figures 4 and 5, the storage portion 56 is perforated by the injection head 38 to supply conditioned fluid into the capsule.

The storage portion 58 is formed from a paper based material. The storage portion 58 has a thickness of 0.2 mm. The closing member 56 is formed from a paper based material. The closing member 58 has a thickness of 0.15 mm.

As used herein “paper based” may refer to as being formed at least partially from a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from one or more of: wood; rags; grasses, or; other vegetable sources, in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying.

The closing member 56 closes and may hermitically seal the storage portion 58 and comprises a flexible membrane. Referring to figures 4 and 5, the closing member 56 is perorated to eject the beverage/foodstuff.

The flange portion 60 is formed integrally with the storage portion. The flange portion 60 is arranged at the junction of the storage portion 58 and closing member 56 and comprise a planar extension of the storage portion 58 that is overlapped by a portion of the closing member that is fixed thereto to hermetically seal the precursor material. The flange portion 60 extends in a plane defined by a lateral direction 102 and a longitudinal direction 100. Hence the closing member is planar in said plane.

The capsule 6 is circular cross sections such that it is rotationally symmetric about axis 108. In this way a user can present the capsule to the machine 2 with any orientation about the axis 108. The capsule 6 has a diameter of 53 mm, which is measured across an outer or inner periphery of the flange portion 60 in said plane of the flange portion 60. The capsule 6 can be configured with different sizes, which are characterised by different depths e.g.: 7 mm; 12 mm; 15 mm; 18 mm, and; 21 mm. The capsule 6 in each size is compatible with the first and second examples of the code reading system 18 as will be discussed.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the closing member may be arranged as convex or concave with respect to the storage portion. For example, for a convex arrangement, a centre of the closing member may extend into the storage portion in the depth direction by up to 1 mm ± 10% or 20%. A minimum concavity maybe 0.2 mm. For example, for a concave arrangement, a centre of the closing member may extend away from the storage portion in the counter depth direction by up to 4 mm ± 10% or 20%. A minimum concavity maybe 0.5 mm.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: the body portion comprises the flange portion formed non-integrally with the storage portion and connected thereto; the body portion comprises the flange portion omitted, e.g. the closing member is wrapped around the storage portion; the container may be a non-rotationally symmetric shape, e.g. square sectioned or other shape; the capsule is alternatively dimensioned, including across an outer or inner periphery of the flange portion is 40 - 70 mm or 53 mm ± 10% or 20% and the depth is any of the described depths ± 10% or 20%; the thickness of the storage portion may have a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm or 0.2 ± 20% or 30%; the thickness of the closing member may have a thickness of 0.05 to 0.3mm or 0.15 ± 20% or 30%, and; the storage portion and/or closing member may be made out of or include a different material, e.g. including a plastics or aluminium based material.

Referring to figure 9, a second example of a container 6 that is for use with the second example of the processing unit 14 comprises the container 6 arranged as a packet and includes: an arrangement of sheet material 62 joined at peripheral seams 64 defining an internal volume for the storage of the precursor material (not illustrated), and; an opening 66, that a user opens to dispense the precursor material into the loose material processing unit 42.

[Arrangement of Code]

Referring to figure 8, the code 44 code may be arranged on an exterior surface of the container 6 in any suitable position such that it can be read by the code reading system 18.

In an first example, the code 44 is arranged at a central region of the closing member 56. The code can therefore be read by any code reader that is aligned to the centre of the container. In an second example, the code is reproduced over the entire closing member so that it can be read from any exterior position on the closing member 56. With such an arrangement the closing member does not require any specific alignment with the storage portion, which simplifies cutting and assembly processes for the container 6.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the code can be arranged on the flange portion 60 (including on either side) and on the storage portion 58. The code may also be arranged on the closing member but not on the central region.

In the second example shown in figure 9, the code 44 is arranged at various positions on the sheet material 62, including distal the seams 64.

[Preparation Process]

Referring to figure 10, a process for preparing a beverage/foodstuff from precursor material is illustrated:

Block 70: a user supplies a container 6 to the machine 4.

Block 72: the electrical circuitry 16 (e.g. the input unit 50 thereof) receives a user instruction to prepare a beverage/foodstuff from precursor, and the electrical circuitry 16 (e.g. the processor 52) initiates the process. Block 74: the electrical circuitry 16 controls the processing unit 14 to process the container (e.g. in the first example of the container processing unit 20, the extraction unit 32 is moved from the capsule receiving position (figure 4) to the capsule extraction position (figure 5)).

Block 76: the electrical circuitry 16 controls the code reading system 18 to provide a digital image of the code 6 of the container.

Block 78: the code processing circuitry of the electrical circuitry 16 processes the digital image to extract the preparation information.

Block 80: the electrical circuitry 16, based on the preparation information, executes the preparation process by controlling the processing unit 14. In the first example of the processing unit this comprises: controlling the fluid conditioning system 22 to supply fluid at a temperature, pressure, and time duration specified in the preparation information to the container processing unit 20.

The electrical circuitry 16 subsequently controls the container processing unit 20 to move from the capsule extraction portion through the capsule ejection position to eject the container 6 and back to the capsule receiving position.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: the above blocks can be executed in a different order, e.g. block 72 before block 70 or block 76 before block 74; some block can be omitted, e.g. where a machine stores a magazine of capsules block 70 can be omitted.

Blocks 76 and 78 may be referred to a code reading and processing process. Block 80 may be referred to as the preparation process. The electrical circuitry 16, includes instructions, e.g. as program code, for the preparation process (or a plurality thereof). In an embodiment the processor 52 implements the instructions stored on a memory (not illustrated).

As part of the preparation process, the electrical circuitry 16 can obtain additional preparation information via the computer network 12 from the server system 8 and/or peripheral device 10 using a communication interface (not illustrated) of the machine.

[Code general description]

Referring to figurel 1 , the code 44 is formed of a plurality of circular units 80 arranged on a surround 82. The units 80 are a dark colour (e.g. including one of the following: black, dark blue, purple, dark green) and the surround 82 is a comparatively light colour (e.g. including one of the following: white, light blue, yellow, light green) such that there is sufficient contrast for the image capturing unit 46 to distinguish therebetween. The units 80 of the code may be configured to be read in the infra red and/or visible wavebands.

The units 80 are circular in shape. As used herein the term “shape” in respect of the units may refer to an exact shape or an approximation of the actual shape, which can occur to a printing or other manufacturing variations in precision.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: the units are a light colour and the surround is a dark colour; the units have a different shape including one or a combination of the following shapes, triangular, polygon, in particular a quadrilateral such as square or parallelogram; other suitable shape.

The units 80 typically have a unit length of 50 - 200 pm. As used herein the term “unit length” in respect of a unit 80 may refer to a suitably defined distance of the unit 80, e.g.: for a circular shape the diameter; for a square a side length; for a polygon a distance between opposing or adjacent vertices; for a triangle a hypotenuse. The units 80 are arranged with a precision of about 1 pm.

The units 80 are formed by printing e.g. by means of an ink printer. As an example of printing the ink may be conventional printer ink and the substrate may be: polyethylene terephthalate (PET); aluminium coated with a lacquer (as found on Nespresso Classic capsules) or other suitable substrate.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: the units are alternatively formed, including by embossing, engraving or other suitable means, and; the units are alternatively dimensioned, e.g. a unit length of 80 - 120 pm.

Referring further to figure 11 , the units 80 are organised into: a reference portion R to locate and determine an orientation of the code 44, and; a data portion D to store the preparation information.

The units 80 of the code 44, which are arranged as the reference portion R, comprise three reference units 84. The reference units 84 have a unique spatial arrangement in the code 44 to allow the reference portion R to be identified by the electrical circuitry 16 (e.g. with a stored relationship on a memory thereof) in the digital image. The unique spatial arrangement comprises the reference units 84 arrange at three of the vertices of a virtual rectangle (not illustrated), about an origin O at the centre of the rectangle, with specific distances between the reference units 84. In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the reference portion is alternatively implemented, including: as a different arrangement of reference units, e.g. including as a circle or other shape of rectangle; with a different number of reference units, e.g. including as 4 or 5, and; the reference units may have a unique shape that is identifiable from the shape of the other units forming the code.

The arrangement of the reference units 84 enables the definition of a single reference line r at a specific vector relative to said units 84. The reference line r is virtual, and is determined by the electrical circuitry 16 (e.g. with a stored relationship on a memory thereof).

In the particular example, the reference units 84 define, using the right hand rule, a first virtual line (not illustrated) and a second virtual line (not illustrated), wherein: the thumb represents the first virtual line which intersects the centres of two of the refence units 84; the index finger represents the second virtual line which intersects the centres of two of the refence units, one of which being the common to the first virtual line; the second finger is into the plane of the page of the code 44. The reference line r extends from the origin O and is parallel to the first virtual line and is orthogonal to the second virtual line.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the reference line may be alternatively defined: the may comprise an actual line drawn on the code; it may have an alternative geometric arrangement with respect to the reference units.

Units 80 of the code 44, which are arranged as the data portion D, comprise data units 86. The data units 86 are arranged on an encoding line E that intersects the reference line r. The encoding line E is virtual and is determined by electrical circuitry 16, (e.g. the encoding lines have predefined radii, which are stored on a memory thereof). The centre of the circle of the encoding line E is arranged at the origin O of the reference portion R. The reference line r therefore intersects the encoding line E with a tangent thereto orthogonal to the reference line r. There are two encoding lines E1 , E2, each with data units 86.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: other numbers of encoding lines are implemented including 3, 4, or 5; the encoding lines may have non-circular shapes, including rectangular or triangular; the encoding line comprises an actual line drawn on the code.

The encoding line E includes one or more individual data portions, each of which includes a start position 88 and a data unit 86, which is arranged at a distance d along the encoding line E from the start position 88 as a variable to encode a parameter of the preparation information. The start positions 88 are defined virtually and may be determined by electrical circuitry 16 (e.g. the start positions may be stored on a memory thereof). The individual data portions may also include an end position (not illustrated), which defines a maximum allowable distance d of the data unit 80 along the encoding line E from the start position 88. Both the start and end positions are formed virtually.

For the first encoding line E1 , the data portion includes two individual data portions: for the first individual data portion the distance d can be any continuous distance from the start position 88 at the reference line r to the first data unit 86 clockwise from the reference line r; for the second individual data portion the distance d can be any continuous distance from the start position 88 at the data unit 86 of the first individual data portion (hence the start position is variable) to the mid-point m between the subsequent two data units 86 in the clockwise direction.

For the second encoding line E2, the data portion includes one individual data portion, for which the distance d can be any one of a plurality of discrete distances, which are illustrated as discrete positions 90 from the start position 88 at the reference line r, with each position associated with a value of the parameter. In the example there are 10 discrete positions 90.

A incremented distance can be defined as the distance between the start position 88 and an end position divided by the total number of positions (which is 10 for E2) in the data portion D that the data unit 86 may occupy.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: a start position can be arranged at any position on the encoding line, including spaced away from the reference line; there may be multiple start positions on an encoding line, each with an associated data unit; the start position may be formed as part of the code as a unit rather than defined virtually; an encoding line may comprise combinations of parameters encoded by the continuous distance and the discreet positions; more than one or two data units on the encoding line may define the parameter, which can be determined as an average of the positions, and; the data portion can include any suitable number of individual data portions.

The code 44 includes an outer periphery 92 that the units 80 are arranged within. The outer periphery 92 is rectangular in shape and has a dimension of 600 - 1600 pm, or about 1100 pm. The code 44 may be repeated such that multiple repetitions of the code 44 are arranged within a single digital image, such that one or several best captured repetitions of the code can be selected for processing. In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: the outer periphery may be alternatively shaped, including circular; the outer periphery may have alternative sizes, including greater or smaller than the example range. In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, the data portion alternatively encodes the value of said parameter, including as alphanumeric symbols or other arrangement.

Referring to figure 12, with reference to the code of figure 11 , a code processing process, which is executed by the electrical circuitry 16 (or the code processing circuitry thereof) for extraction of the preparation information includes:

Step 1 - Identify locations of units of code

Block 100: obtain digital image of code 44 via the code reading system 118.

Block 102: assign pixels to dark areas in digital image that could represent units 80.

Block 104: if several pixels grouped in proximity of each other then determine a unit 80 as present.

Block 106: for each determined unit determine coordinates of a centre of pixel grouping by a rule, e.g. feature extraction, to determine a coordinate of a centre of the unit.

Invariant embodiments, which are not illustrated, alternative processing techniques for determining units and there coordinates may be implemented, including other techniques for locating a centre of a unit or identifying a unit as present, e.g. a level of magnification may be implemented so that a single pixel is determined as a unit, and a centre of a unit may be determined as the centre of a pixel.

Step 2 - Locate Reference portion and read angles of code

Referring to figure 13, with reference to the code of figure 11 , processing of the code 44 includes:

Block 108: locate reference portion R by searching coordinates of units 80 of code 44 to identify the unique separation and geometric arrangement of reference units 84. This may be implemented by geometric rules including Pythagoras and trigonometry or other suitable rule. Said separation and geometric arrangement can be stored on the electrical circuitry 16 and accessed during searching. Block 110: for the located reference portion R, define the origin O and the position of reference line r using a stored relationship. The arrangement of the origin and reference line can be stored on the electrical circuitry 16 and mapped onto the coordinates of the located reference portion.

Block 112: for each unit (other than the units of the reference portion) determine based on distance from the origin O which encoding line E the units belong to. The electrical circuitry 16 can store a radii range for each encoding line E and using geometric rules determine the distance of each unit from the origin O and which radii range it falls in.

Block 114: for each unit (other than the units of the reference portion) determine the angle a1 , a2 with respect to the reference line r. It is to be noted that the angle is representative of the circumferential distance, and either could be used interchangeably. The angle can be calculated via know geometric relations between the coordinates of the reference line r and a virtual line extending from the origin O and through the associated unit.

Step 3 - Determine values of parameters of preparation information.

Referring to figure 13, with reference to the code of figure 11 processing of the code 44 includes:

Block 116: the encoding distance d is determined for each individual data portion. This is achieved by implementing a set of rules for determining the encoding distance d which are stored by the electrical circuitry 16. This can include the one or more of: the number of individual data portions on each encoding line; the start positions 88 of the individual data portions; if a single unit or multiple units represent a data unit 86, and; other suitable relationships.

For example referring to figure 9, the rules for determining the encoding distances d of encoding line E1 include that there are: two individual data portions; the start position 88 of the first individual data portion is at the intersection between the reference line r and the encoding line E1 ; the start position 88 of the second individual data portion is at the data unit 86 of the first individual data portion; the data unit 86 is of the first individual data portion is represented as a single unit of the code 44; the data unit 86 is of the second individual data portion is represented as a two units of the code 44.

For example referring to figure 11 , the rules for determining the encoding distance d of encoding line E2 include that there is: a single individual data portion; the start position 88 is at the intersection between the reference line r and the encoding line E2; the data unit 86 is of the first individual data portion is represented as a single unit of the code 44. Block 118: the encoding distances d for each data portion are converted into a value of a parameter. This is achieved by implementing a set of rules for converting the distance to a value which are stored by the electrical circuitry 16.

For example, for encoding line E1 : the first individual data portion may encode a water volume of a brewing process wherein the distance d is any continuous value which is linearly related to the water volume, and; the second individual data portion may encode a time of a brewing process wherein the encoding distance d is any continuous value which is exponentially related to the time.

For example, for encoding line E2: the single individual data portion may encode a water temperature of a brewing process wherein the encoding distance d is a discrete value which incrementally changes by 5 degrees C for each discrete position 90, and the rule specifies which 5 degree increment is closest to the determined encoding distance d.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated, other rules can be implemented, including: other mathematical functions relating the encoding distance to the value of the parameter, and; if an encoding distance is the average of the distance several individual data portions, and other suitable relationships.

[Checking coherency of Values of Preparation Information]

Referring to figure 14, the electrical circuitry 16 as part of the process of figures 10 and 13 is configured to check coherency of the values of the parameters of the preparation information obtained from the code 44. The process of figure 14 can be implemented after block 118 of figure 13 and before block 80 of figure 10.

The coherency check includes the electrical circuitry 16 arranged to perform the steps:

Block 120: read from the digital image of the code obtained by the code reading system 18 one or more encoding distance(s) d from the code (as in block 78 of figure 10, and bock 116 of figure 13);

Block 122: convert using a rule stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry 16 the or each encoding distance(s) d to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s) (as in block 118 of figure 13); Block 124: determining if a coherency condition associated with the or each value(s) of the parameter(s) is met, said condition being associated with the coherency of the magnitude of the value (examples of which will be provided);

Block 126: if said condition is met then the electrical circuit 16 implements control of the processing unit 14 based on the values(s) of the parameter(s) (as in block 80 of figure 10), and;

Block 128: if said condition is not met then, the electrical circuitry is configured not to implement said one or more values to control the processing unit 14.

At block 124, term “determine if a coherency condition associated with the or each value” may refer to the value itself being used to determine said condition or a numerical quantity which is related to the value, including the encoding distance or another numerical quantity which is calculated from or used to calculate the value or the encoding distance. It will therefore be understood that whilst block 122 requires execution for block 126 to be performed, it’s execution is not an essential requirement for block 124.

[Example 1 - coherency by comparison to threshold set for value]

In a first example, at block 126 the coherency condition is met if the numerical value of the parameter is within a threshold of allowable values. A value outside of said threshold may be an excluded value for which said condition is not met.

Typically, there is a limit minimum value which defines a lower limit of the threshold and/or there is a limit maximum value which defines an upper limit of the threshold. However, in other examples, the value outside the threshold may comprise a band of unacceptable values, with acceptable values of the threshold on either side of the band, or other such threshold variations.

As an example, a parameter which is fluid volume of the beverage may have a lower limit of the threshold defining a minimum cup volume, and an upper limit of the threshold defining maximum cup volume, such that the threshold for which the coherency condition is met is between said maximum and minimum cup volumes.

[Example 2 - coherency by comparison to dependent threshold set for value]

In a second example, at block 126, as a development of the first example, the condition is met if two of more parameters are all within associated thresholds, where one threshold has a dependence on another. For example: if a first value has crossed a first threshold then the second value must also be within a second threshold for the condition to be met, and; if the first value has crossed a third threshold (which is different to the first threshold) then the second value must be within a fourth threshold (which is different to the second threshold) for the condition to be met etc.

As an example, if the first value is a temperature of the heat exchanger and the second value is the flow rate of fluid through the heat exchanger. The first threshold may be a maximum temperature and the second threshold may be a maximum flow rate, which if below then a risk of overheating the heat exchanger may occur. Hence the allowable values for which the coherency condition is met are: for the first threshold crossed (i.e. temperature at maximum); the second threshold must also be crossed (i.e. flowrate at maximum). Likewise, if the first value is a medium temperature of the heat exchanger, the a lower limit of allowable second values for flow rates would be lower.

[Example 3 - coherency by numerical function of values]

In a third example, at block 126, as a development of the first and second example, the condition is associated with two or more values of different parameters, and comprises determining the coherency condition as met if a result r of mathematical function / of said two of more values (vi,v₂...) of the parameters is within a threshold. A result outside of the threshold may be an excluded result for which said condition is not met: r =f(vi,v₂... )

Typically, there is a minimum result value which defines a lower limit of the threshold and/or there is a maximum result value which defines an upper limit of the threshold. However, in other examples, a result value outside the threshold may comprise a band of unacceptable result values, with acceptable result values of the threshold on either side of said band, or other such threshold variations.

As an example, a first parameter is pump flow rate vi (in ml/second) and a second parameter is pump switch on time v₂ (in seconds). A result r of the function/ is a beverage volume (or numerical quantity representative thereof) which is the product of the two parameters: r =f(v-\ x v₂) The threshold may comprises a lower limit value of the result, which if below the condition is considered not met because an amount of beverage is too low. The threshold may comprises an upper limit value of the result, which if above the condition is considered not met because an amount of beverage it too large. Hence the coherency condition is considered met if the result is within the upper and lower limits.

[Variable thresholds]

In embodiments, the threshold for the coherency condition is variable and is stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry 16. The particular thresholds for a parameter maybe retrieved by using an identifier encoded by the code. The identifier can comprise a numerical string which can be encoded as binary information by the absence or presence of units at a predetermined position).

For example, for a large volume capsule a minimum threshold for an amount of fluid supplied to the capsule may be larger than for a small capsule.

[Other coherency checks]

Other coherency checks may also be performed:

In a fourth example, it may be determined if a correct number of data units are identified as present on one or more of the encoding lines, e.g. by comparing to a predetermined number of expected units or by checking if said number of units is within a threshold.

Two or more of coherency checks as discussed for examples 1 - 3 can be implemented for the same value(s) to improve the accuracy of the coherency check. Alternatively, different checks can be applied for different parameters.

For combinations of the examples, AND or OR logic can be implemented, e.g. for an overall condition to be considered met, all of the examples must have the condition met or at least one example must have the condition met.

[Determination of incoherent values]

At block 128, (i.e. one or more values of the parameters of the code has been determined not to meet the condition) the electrical circuitry 16 implements the reading of the code 44 at least one subsequent time (e.g. to repeat blocks 120 - 124). This may comprise one or more of: obtaining a new digital image of the code; reading a different code 44 in the digital image, and; reading the same code in the digital image again.

Subsequent reading of the code 44 and checking for the condition may be executed a predetermined number of times (e.g. 2 or 3), which if exceeded the electrical circuitry 16 is configured to provide a notification to a user interface 50 that the code of the container can not be read. Alternatively, no subsequent reading is provided, and said notification is immediately provided.

[Checking validity of the code]

Referring to figure 15, the electrical circuitry 16 as part of the process of figures 10 and 13 is configured to check a validity of the code 44. The validity check of figure 15 can be implemented before the coherency check process of figure 14 (or instead of, or in some embodiments omitted where the coherency check is executed). The validity check can be implemented after or before block 116 of figure 13 and before block 80 of figure 10.

The validity check includes the electrical circuitry 16 arranged to perform the steps:

Block 150: determine a location of the data units 86 on the encoding lines E (the example code 44 shown in figure 11 , is referred to when explaining the process). This is achieved by determining the encoding distances d and/or the coordinates of the units as discussed previously in respect of the process in figure 12.

For the example shown in figure 11 :

For the first encoding line E1 , the location of the three data units 86 is determined from the start positions. The first encoding distance d is encoded with a single data unit 86, and the second encoding distance is encoded with two data units as the midpoint m of their distances from the start position.

For the second encoding line E2, the location of the single data unit 86 is determined (which is at the third predetermined position 90 from the reference line.

Block 152: determine if a validity condition associated with a position of the or each data unit 86 is met based on a position of or absence of data units at positions on one or more the encoding line E. Examples can include one or more of the following or other conditions, which can be performed for all or just one or more of the encoding lines. The validity check may require that all conditions are required for the validity condition to be met, or just one or more (i.e. AND, OR logic or combinations of both).

1) a predetermined number of data units being identified on a portion (including a specific section of or all of said line) of said encoding line, in particular, the presence of one of more data units may be required for each encoding distance d encoded on the encoding line.

In the example of figure 11 :

For encoding line E1 , the predetermined number of units is 3, since there are two encoding distances d that encode two values: the first encoding distance d is encoded with a single data 86 unit and the second encoding distance m is encoded with two data units 86.

For encoding line E2, the predetermined number of units is 1 , since there is a single value encoded with a data unit 86 arranged at an encoding distance d associated with the third of ten predetermined positions 90.

In both these examples, the portion of the encoding line can be considered the full circumference.

In a further example of the first condition, for encoding line E1 , for the first encoding distance d, the portion of the encoding line can be considered to be between the start position 88 (at the reference line r) and the end position (not illustrated, although this is to be considered the position of the first data unit 86) for the first date unit 86 from the reference line r. The predetermined number of units is 1 for this portion, since a single value encoded with the first data unit 86. The principle can be extended for the second encoding distances m, however the predetermined number of units is 2.

2) Portions of the encoding line being absent a data unit or including a single data unit.

This condition can include an absence of a data unit between an adjoining end position and a start positions 88 for different encoding distances (where these are separated).

Although not illustrated in figure 11 , in a variant for the first encoding line E1 there is a gap from the end position (which is the location of the first data unit 86) for the first encoding distance d, which is encoded by the first data 86 unit, and to the start position 88 for the second encoding distance d, which is encoded by the two data units 86: this portion may be required to be of a defined distance and absent a data unit. The defined distance can be implemented is to ensure separation of the data units, for example it would occur of one of the two data units 86 for the second encoding distance d was at the start position 86.

This condition can include an absence or presence of a data unit (and not for example two data units) within the bounds of a predetermined position 90.

In the example of figure 11 , for the encoding line E2: this is that portions of the encoding line E2 that do not fall within the predetermined positions 90 are absent a data unit

It can also include that the predetermined positions 90 are either absent a data unit (as shown for 9 of the predetermined positions 90) or present a single data unit 86 as shown for the third predetermined position 90 clockwise from the reference line r (e.g. two data units are not located over the predetermined positions).

3) A distance along the encoding line between data units on said encoding line being above or less than a predetermined amount.

It can include data units for adjoining encoding distances having a minimum distance they are required to be apart, or two data units that encode a single value may be required to have a threshold separation distance.

In the example of figure 11 , for the first encoding line E1 , the distance for the condition may be for the two data units 86 that encode the second encoding distance d. It may be required that these are above a certain minimum distance and below another maximum distance.

The distance for the condition may also be for the previously described unillustrated example under condition 2) above, where the distance between a data unit (which is at the end position) for the first encoding distance, and a data unit for the second encoding distance is arranged at the start position.

Since the code 44 is not limited to the arrangement shown in figure 11 , it will be understood that said conditions apply to a range of other code configuration.

Block 154: if the validity condition of block 152 is met, then to convert the or each encoding distance(s) (d) to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s) (e.g. using a rule stored on electronic memory of the electrical circuitry that comprises the value as a function of the distance d), and; control the processing unit 20 based on the values(s) of the parameter(s). Block 156: else if the validity condition of block 152 not met, then a partial read condition is determined, which is based on one or more of (e.g. with either and, or logic) the conditions:

1) there being a predetermined number (e.g. 2 or 3) of reference portions R of the codes 44 identified in the digital image.

In particular, the digital image includes multiple repetitions of the same code 44, in this way precise positioning of the container 6 relative the camera system is not required. Moreover, the codes can be arranged in a regular repeating structure so that a reference portion R of one or more adjacent codes can be used to improve the precision in locating the data portion D of the code that is read.

In the example of figure 11 , the reference portion R is comprised of 3 reference units 84 with a reserved shape that does not appear elsewhere in the code 44. In the repetitions of this code 44 in the digital image, the predetermined number of reference portions R to be identified is 2.

In variant embodiments, the digital image of the code may only comprise a single repetition of the code 44, in which case the predetermined number (e.g. 2 or 3) of reference portions R is one.

2) there being a predetermined number of units identified in the digital image.

The predetermined number of units can be less than a predetermined number of units (including reference and/or data units) in an individual code 44, but above a threshold which may indicate a high probability of a successful read if the code is read a subsequent time.

In the example of figure 11 , the code 44 has 7 units 84, 86 in total, the predetermined number of units may be at least 5 or 6.

In variant embodiments, the predetermined number of units may be greater than that present in an individual code.

Block 158: If the partial read condition of block 156 is met then the code reading system 18 is configured to read the code 44 a subsequent time.

This comprises obtaining a subsequent digital image of the code(s) 44, with the camera system of the image capturing device 46 (as previously discussed). The process of the validity check and partial read condition check is then executed again for the subsequent digital image as indicated by the loop on figure 15. The electrical circuitry 16 is configured to reposition the container 6 with a container positioning system (not illustrated). This comprises a mechanical system that displaces the container 6 relative the camera system for reading of the code 44 on the container 6.

The positioning system can include as examples: an arm or holder in a container insertion channel that supplies the container 6 to the container processing unit 20, with the arm holder or arranged to retain the container and displaces the container 6 towards said camera system; the extraction unit as shown in figures 4 and 5 (which opens and closes for repositioning).

Repositioning the container 6 in this way provides a different digital image, which may increase a likelihood of achieving block 154.

In variant embodiments: there is no positioning system and the digital image is retaken with the camera system; instead of obtaining a different digital image, an alternative code in the same digital image is processed.

The loop of block 158 may be executed a single time or other predetermined number of times before block 160 is executed directly from block 152 without block 156.

Block 160: else if the partial read condition not met, the electrical circuitry is configured not to: convert the or each encoding distance(s) (d) to one or more value(s) of the parameter(s), and; control the processing unit based on the values(s) of the parameter(s). Instead, the electrical circuitry provides a notification to a user interface 50 that the code of the container can not be read.

In variant embodiments, which are not illustrated: although a digital image has been exemplified, it will be understood that other inputs for reading the code can be implemented, for example the units of the code are inductive or capacitive, and the code reader is a suitable inductive or capacitive sensor; at block 156, instead of executing the partial read condition check, block 160 may be directly executed; block 160 may also be omitted, such that the machine 2 is simply inactive.

Whilst the code is illustrated herein as being arranged on the container, it will be appreciated that the code can be formed integrally on the container or formed on a separate substrate, e.g. an attachment (not illustrated), which can be attached to the container, e.g. by an adhesive or other means. The attachment may alternatively be configured for attachment to the machine, e.g. via a clip or bracket, so that the same code is read independent of the container that is read. The attachment may position the code (or codes) between the container and code reader such that the machine reads the codes as if they were positioned on the container.

It will be appreciated that any of the disclosed methods (or corresponding apparatuses, programs, data carriers, etc.) may be carried out by either a host or client, depending on the specific implementation (i.e. the disclosed methods/apparatuses are a form of communication(s), and as such, may be carried out from either ‘point of view’, i.e. in corresponding to each other fashion). Furthermore, it will be understood that the terms “receiving” and “transmitting” encompass “inputting” and “outputting” and are not limited to an RF context of transmitting and receiving radio waves. Therefore, for example, a chip or other device or component for realizing embodiments could generate data for output to another chip, device or component, or have as an input data from another chip, device or component, and such an output or input could be referred to as “transmit” and “receive” including gerund forms, that is, “transmitting” and “receiving”, as well as such “transmitting” and “receiving” within an RF context.

As used in this specification, any formulation used of the style “at least one of A, B or C”, and the formulation “at least one of A, B and C” use a disjunctive “or” and a disjunctive “and” such that those formulations comprise any and all joint and several permutations of A, B, C, that is, A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B in any order, A and C in any order, B and C in any order and A, B, C in any order. There may be more or less than three features used in such formulations.

In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word ‘comprising’ does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps then those listed in a claim. Furthermore, the terms “a” or “an,” as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. Also, the use of introductory phrases such as “at least one” and “one or more” in the claims should not be construed to imply that the introduction of another claim element by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim element to inventions containing only one such element, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an." The same holds true for the use of definite articles. Unless stated otherwise, terms such as “first” and “second” are used to arbitrarily distinguish between the elements such terms describe. Thus, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate temporal or other prioritization of such elements. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

Unless otherwise explicitly stated as incompatible, or the physics or otherwise of the embodiments, example or claims prevent such a combination, the features of the foregoing embodiments and examples, and of the following claims may be integrated together in any suitable arrangement, especially ones where there is a beneficial effect in doing so. This is not limited to only any specified benefit, and instead may arise from an “ex post facto” benefit. This is to say that the combination of features is not limited by the described forms, particularly the form (e.g. numbering) of the example(s), embodiment(s), or dependency of the claim(s). Moreover, this also applies to the phrase “in one embodiment”, “according to an embodiment” and the like, which are merely a stylistic form of wording and are not to be construed as limiting the following features to a separate embodiment to all other instances of the same or similar wording. This is to say, a reference to ‘an’, ‘one’ or ‘some’ embodiment(s) may be a reference to any one or more, and/or all embodiments, or combination(s) thereof, disclosed. Also, similarly, the reference to “the” embodiment may not be limited to the immediately preceding embodiment.

As used herein, any machine executable instructions, or compute readable media, may carry out a disclosed method, and may therefore be used synonymously with the term method, or each other.

The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the invention to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various implementations of the present disclosure.

LIST OF REFERENCES

2 System

4 Machine

14 Processing unit

20 Container processing unit (first example)

32 Extraction unit

34 Capsule holding portion

36 Closing portion

38 Injection head 40 Beverage outlet

22 Fluid conditioning system

24 Reservoir

26 Pump

28 Heat exchanger

30 Outlet

42 Loose material processing unit (second example)

16 Electrical circuitry

48 Control electrical circuitry

50 Input unit

52 Processor

54 Feedback system

18 Code reading system

46 Image capturing unit

6 Container

Capsule - Example 1

56 Lid portion

44 Code

80 Units

R Reference portion 84 Reference units r Reference line O Origin

D Data portion 86 Data units

E Encoding line d Distance

88 Start position

90 Discrete positions

82 Surround

92 Outer periphery

58 Containment portion

60 Flange portion

Packet - Example 2 62 Sheet material

64 Seams

68 Opening

8 Server system 10 Peripheral device

12 Computer network