Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs? - PubMed
- ️Sat Jan 01 2005
Clinical Trial
Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs?
Kristine H Onishi et al. Science. 2005.
Abstract
For more than two decades, researchers have argued that young children do not understand mental states such as beliefs. Part of the evidence for this claim comes from preschoolers' failure at verbal tasks that require the understanding that others may hold false beliefs. Here, we used a novel nonverbal task to examine 15-month-old infants' ability to predict an actor's behavior on the basis of her true or false belief about a toy's hiding place. Results were positive, supporting the view that, from a young age, children appeal to mental states--goals, perceptions, and beliefs--to explain the behavior of others.
Figures

Events shown during (A) the first familiarization and (B) the second and third familiarization trials. The light gray box represents the yellow box; the dark gray box represents the green box.

Events shown during the belief-induction trial in the (A) TB-green condition, (B) TB-yellow condition, (C) FB-green condition, and (D) FB-yellow condition.

Events shown during the test trial.

Mean (±SE) looking times during the test trial (after the actor reached into the green or yellow box) in the four belief conditions.
Comment in
-
Psychology. Infants' insight into the mind: how deep?
Perner J, Ruffman T. Perner J, et al. Science. 2005 Apr 8;308(5719):214-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1111656. Science. 2005. PMID: 15821079 No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
The developmental origins of naïve psychology in infancy.
Poulin-Dubois D, Brooker I, Chow V. Poulin-Dubois D, et al. Adv Child Dev Behav. 2009;37:55-104. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2407(09)03702-1. Adv Child Dev Behav. 2009. PMID: 19673160 Review.
-
Do 10-month-old infants understand others' false beliefs?
Luo Y. Luo Y. Cognition. 2011 Dec;121(3):289-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.07.011. Epub 2011 Sep 8. Cognition. 2011. PMID: 21861998 Clinical Trial.
-
Early False-Belief Understanding.
Scott RM, Baillargeon R. Scott RM, et al. Trends Cogn Sci. 2017 Apr;21(4):237-249. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.01.012. Epub 2017 Mar 1. Trends Cogn Sci. 2017. PMID: 28259555 Review.
-
Eighteen-month-olds understand false beliefs in an unexpected-contents task.
Buttelmann D, Over H, Carpenter M, Tomasello M. Buttelmann D, et al. J Exp Child Psychol. 2014 Mar;119:120-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Nov 19. J Exp Child Psychol. 2014. PMID: 24267393
-
Buttelmann F, Suhrke J, Buttelmann D. Buttelmann F, et al. J Exp Child Psychol. 2015 Mar;131:94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.11.009. Epub 2014 Dec 24. J Exp Child Psychol. 2015. PMID: 25544393
Cited by
-
Coregistration of EEG and eye-tracking in infants and developing populations.
Kulke L. Kulke L. Atten Percept Psychophys. 2024 Feb 22. doi: 10.3758/s13414-024-02857-y. Online ahead of print. Atten Percept Psychophys. 2024. PMID: 38388851
-
Bowman LC, Liu D, Meltzoff AN, Wellman HM. Bowman LC, et al. Dev Sci. 2012 Sep;15(5):618-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01158.x. Epub 2012 Jul 6. Dev Sci. 2012. PMID: 22925510 Free PMC article.
-
Reconceptualizing second-person interaction.
de Bruin L, van Elk M, Newen A. de Bruin L, et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 Jun 6;6:151. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00151. eCollection 2012. Front Hum Neurosci. 2012. PMID: 22679421 Free PMC article.
-
Animal cognition and the evolution of human language: why we cannot focus solely on communication.
Fitch WT. Fitch WT. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020 Jan 6;375(1789):20190046. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0046. Epub 2019 Nov 18. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020. PMID: 31735146 Free PMC article.
-
Implicit Mentalizing in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Csulak T, Hajnal A, Kiss S, Dembrovszky F, Varjú-Solymár M, Sipos Z, Kovács MA, Herold M, Varga E, Hegyi P, Tényi T, Herold R. Csulak T, et al. Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 2;13:790494. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.790494. eCollection 2022. Front Psychol. 2022. PMID: 35185724 Free PMC article.