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Natural history of the ERVWE1 endogenous retroviral locus - PubMed

  • ️Sat Jan 01 2005

Natural history of the ERVWE1 endogenous retroviral locus

Bertrand Bonnaud et al. Retrovirology. 2005.

Abstract

Background: The human HERV-W multicopy family includes a unique proviral locus, termed ERVWE1, whose full-length envelope ORF was preserved through evolution by the action of a selective pressure. The encoded Env protein (Syncytin) is involved in hominoid placental physiology.

Results: In order to infer the natural history of this domestication process, a comparative genomic analysis of the human 7q21.2 syntenic regions in eutherians was performed. In primates, this region was progressively colonized by LTR-elements, leading to two different evolutionary pathways in Cercopithecidae and Hominidae, a genetic drift versus a domestication, respectively.

Conclusion: The preservation in Hominoids of a genomic structure consisting in the juxtaposition of a retrotransposon-derived MaLR LTR and the ERVWE1 provirus suggests a functional link between both elements.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Comparative analysis of PEX1-ODAG orthologous locus. (a) Length of PEX1-ODAG intergenic region. Species with an identified PEX1-ODAG intergenic region (either extracted from databases or sequenced in the lab) are indicated on the tree. Clades are redrawn from a previous mammalian phylogeny [23]. Branches are not drawn to scale. The length of the PEX1-ODAG intergenic region is indicated for each species. (b) Length and TEs composition of PEX1 and ODAG intergenic and intronic regions. Species were selected regarding the quality of TEs description in RepBase) [18].

Figure 2
Figure 2

Phylogenetic analysis of the PEX1-ODAG intergenic region in 9 mammal species. Flanking black boxes correspond to the 24th exon and the 5th exon of the PEX1 and ODAG genes, respectively. LTR elements are depicted as red boxes (MaLR-e1 LTR), green boxes (ERV-P LTR) and empty boxes (ERVWE1 and ERV-H proviruses). The ERVWE1 provirus is labeled W, ERV-H Platyrrhini and Catarrhini lineage specific proviruses are labeled H(p) and H(c), respectively. env smaller boxes refer to the ERVWE1 env gene. Proposed ancestral chromosomal structure are drawn in grey cartouches. The cross-box within the H(c) ancestor represents a pol/env deletion as referenced to the HERV-H repbase consensus. Dash lines represent the evolutionary processes leading to Cercopitheque vs. Hominoid lineages. The double slashes indicate the truncation of longest sequences. Clades are derived from previous phylogeny [23] and branches are not drawn to scale.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Alignments of orthologous and paralogous MaLR-e1 LTR sequences from mammalian species. Sequences were assembled using the human sequence (HOM) as reference. Orthologous sequences are from the following origin: HOM: Homo sapiens, PAN: Pan troglodytes, GOR: Gorilla gorilla, ORA:Pongo pygmaeus, GIB: Hylobatides pileatus, ATE: Ateles fusciceps robustus, CAL: Callithrix jacchus, OTO: Otolemur garnetti, CAN: Canis familiaris, DAS: Dasypus novemcictus. Hs12, hs5 and hs20 correspond to MaLR-e1 putative paralogous sequences isolated in the human genome. 5' and 3' openboxes corresponds to MLT1J2 and MLT1J Repbase consensuses, respectively. The region with grey background indicates the 5' or 3' boundaries zone of most partial MaLR-e1 in human and dog genomes. Four putative 3' boundaries of the MaLR-e1 LTR are shown as vertical bars. The double head arrow delimits the trophoblastic specific enhancer (TSE). * correspond to the location of the omitted ERVWE1 provirus. Direct repeats flanking the ERVWE1 integration site are underlined. Bold gray characters in the 3' end of DAS and CAN sequences precede large insertions (1,3 kb and 4,5 kb, respectively) omitted in the alignment.

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