pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens - PubMed

Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens

Mark E J Woolhouse et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Dec.

Abstract

An updated literature survey identified 1,407 recognized species of human pathogen, 58% of which are zoonotic. Of the total, 177 are regarded as emerging or reemerging. Zoonotic pathogens are twice as likely to be in this category as are nonzoonotic pathogens. Emerging and reemerging pathogens are not strongly associated with particular types of nonhuman hosts, but they are most likely to have the broadest host ranges. Emerging and reemerging zoonoses are associated with a wide range of drivers, but changes in land use and agriculture and demographic and societal changes are most commonly cited. However, although zoonotic pathogens do represent the most likely source of emerging and reemerging infectious disease, only a small minority have proved capable of causing major epidemics in the human population.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Numbers of species of zoonotic pathogens associated with different types of nonhuman host. Note that some pathogens are associated with >1 host. A) All zoonotic species. B) Emerging and reemerging zoonotic species only.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Relationship between breadth of host range (as number of nonhuman host types, as listed in Figure 1) and the fraction of pathogen species regarded as emerging or reemerging. A total of 122 zoonotic species (10 of them emerging or reemerging) for which the host range is unknown are omitted.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Expected relationship between outbreak size (as fraction of the population affected) and 2 key epidemiologic parameters: I0 is the number of primary cases of infection introduced into the human population from an external source such as a zoonotic reservoir (increasing in the direction indicated); R0 is the basic reproduction number, a measure of the transmissibility of the infection with the human population (see text). The curves are obtained from a modified version of the Kermack-McKendrick equation and show that expected outbreak size is particularly sensitive to small changes in I0 or R0 when R0 is close to 1. Examples of zoonotic pathogens with R0>1, R0<1 and R0 close to 1 are shown. RIVF, Rift Valley fever virus. (Reprinted with permission from [23]).

Similar articles

Cited by

  • Pasteurella multocida: from zoonosis to cellular microbiology.

    Wilson BA, Ho M. Wilson BA, et al. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jul;26(3):631-55. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00024-13. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013. PMID: 23824375 Free PMC article. Review.

  • Addressing challenge of zoonotic diseases through One Health approach.

    Bhatia R. Bhatia R. Indian J Med Res. 2021 Mar;153(3):249-252. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_374_21. Indian J Med Res. 2021. PMID: 33906985 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

  • Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths.

    Douglas B, Oyesola O, Cooper MM, Posey A, Tait Wojno E, Giacomin PR, Herbert DR. Douglas B, et al. Annu Rev Immunol. 2021 Apr 26;39:639-665. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-122827. Epub 2021 Mar 1. Annu Rev Immunol. 2021. PMID: 33646858 Free PMC article. Review.

  • Leishmania (L.) mexicana infected bats in Mexico: novel potential reservoirs.

    Berzunza-Cruz M, Rodríguez-Moreno Á, Gutiérrez-Granados G, González-Salazar C, Stephens CR, Hidalgo-Mihart M, Marina CF, Rebollar-Téllez EA, Bailón-Martínez D, Balcells CD, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Sánchez-Cordero V, Becker I. Berzunza-Cruz M, et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jan 28;9(1):e0003438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003438. eCollection 2015 Jan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015. PMID: 25629729 Free PMC article.

  • Anatomy of a pandemic.

    Daszak P. Daszak P. Lancet. 2012 Dec 1;380(9857):1883-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61887-X. Lancet. 2012. PMID: 23200486 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

References

    1. Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse ME. Risk factors for human disease emergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001;356:983–9. 10.1098/rstb.2001.0888 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Woolhouse MEJ, Taylor LH, Haydon DT. Population biology of multi-host pathogens. Science. 2001;292:1109–12. 10.1126/science.1059026 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cleaveland S, Laurenson MK, Taylor LH. Diseases of humans and their domestic mammals: pathogen characteristics, host range and the risk of emergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001;356:991–9. 10.1098/rstb.2001.0889 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis. 1995;1:7–15. 10.3201/eid0101.950102 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Institute of Medicine. Microbial threats to health: emergence, detection, and response. Washington: National Academy Press; 2003. - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources