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Future alternative therapies for β-thalassemia - PubMed

  • ️Thu Jan 01 2009

Future alternative therapies for β-thalassemia

Stefano Rivella et al. Expert Rev Hematol. 2009.

Abstract

β-thalassemia is an inherited disorder due to mutations found in the β-globin gene, leading to anemia and requiring sporadic or chronic blood transfusions for survival. Without proper chelation, β-thalassemia results in iron overload. Ineffective erythropoiesis can lead to iron overload even in untransfused patients who are affected by β-thalassemia intermedia. Better understanding of the molecular biologic aspects of this disorder has led to improvements in population screening and prenatal diagnosis, which, in turn, have led to dramatic reductions in the number of children born with β-thalassemia major in the Mediterranean littoral. However, as a consequence of decreases in neonatal and childhood mortality in other geographical areas, β-thalassemia has become a worldwide clinical problem. A number of unsolved pathophysiological issues remain, such as ineffective erythropoieis, abnormal iron absorption, oxidative stress, splenomegaly and thrombosis. In the last few years, novel studies have the potential to introduce new therapeutic approaches that might reduce these problems and limit the need for blood transfusion.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. List of potential beneficial effects using (A) Jak2 inhibitors or (B) agonist of the hepcidin protein
Figure 2
Figure 2. Gene therapy and stem cell therapy approach

Mediated, respectively, by (A) gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells and (B) reprogramming of adult cells to stem cells. iPS: Induced pluripotent stem cell.

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