Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review - PubMed
- ️Fri Jan 01 2010
Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review
Kar Wah Leung et al. Chin Med. 2010.
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of ginseng has been studied extensively, and ginsenosides, the active components of ginseng, are shown to be involved in modulating multiple physiological activities. This article will review the structure, systemic transformation and bioavailability of ginsenosides before illustration on how these molecules exert their functions via interactions with steroidal receptors. The multiple biological actions make ginsenosides as important resources for developing new modalities. Yet, low bioavailability of ginsenoside is one of the major hurdles needs to be overcome to advance its use in clinical settings.
Figures

Biodegradation of ginsenosides by intestinal microflora. PPDs and PPTs are deglycosylated to end-metabolites protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) respectively. Glc = beta-D-glucopyranosyl; Ara(p) = alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl; Ara(f) = alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl; Rha = alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl [73-76]
Similar articles
-
Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions.
Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. Attele AS, et al. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 1;58(11):1685-93. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00212-9. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999. PMID: 10571242 Review.
-
Yin and Yang of ginseng pharmacology: ginsenosides vs gintonin.
Im DS, Nah SY. Im DS, et al. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013 Nov;34(11):1367-73. doi: 10.1038/aps.2013.100. Epub 2013 Oct 14. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013. PMID: 24122014 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Liu Z, Xia J, Wang CZ, Zhang JQ, Ruan CC, Sun GZ, Yuan CS. Liu Z, et al. J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Jul 6;64(26):5389-99. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00963. Epub 2016 Jun 24. J Agric Food Chem. 2016. PMID: 27295137
-
Murugesan M, Mathiyalagan R, Boopathi V, Kong BM, Choi SK, Lee CS, Yang DC, Kang SC, Thambi T. Murugesan M, et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Sep 30;12(19):3427. doi: 10.3390/nano12193427. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022. PMID: 36234555 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications.
Lü JM, Yao Q, Chen C. Lü JM, et al. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;7(3):293-302. doi: 10.2174/157016109788340767. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009. PMID: 19601854 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Liu KH, Lin HY, Thomas JL, Shih YP, Yang ZY, Chen JT, Lee MH. Liu KH, et al. J Ginseng Res. 2022 Sep;46(5):621-627. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.01.005. Epub 2022 Feb 4. J Ginseng Res. 2022. PMID: 36090682 Free PMC article.
-
Zhang P, Zhang H, Ma C, Lv Q, Yu H, Zhang Q. Zhang P, et al. Front Vet Sci. 2024 Sep 5;11:1463613. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1463613. eCollection 2024. Front Vet Sci. 2024. PMID: 39301282 Free PMC article.
-
Kim DE, Chang BY, Jeon BM, Baek JI, Kim SC, Kim SY. Kim DE, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 25;21(12):4534. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124534. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. PMID: 32630596 Free PMC article.
-
Compound K Production: Achievements and Perspectives.
Chu LL, Hanh NTY, Quyen ML, Nguyen QH, Lien TTP, Do KV. Chu LL, et al. Life (Basel). 2023 Jul 14;13(7):1565. doi: 10.3390/life13071565. Life (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37511939 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Kim SJ, Lee J, Choi WS, Kim HJ, Kim MY, Kim SC, Kim HS. Kim SJ, et al. J Ginseng Res. 2021 Nov;45(6):695-705. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.007. Epub 2021 Mar 29. J Ginseng Res. 2021. PMID: 34764724 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Eliason BC, Kruger J, Mark D, Rasmann DN. Dietary supplement users: demographics, product use and medical system interaction. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1997;10:265–271. - PubMed
-
- Spelman K, Burns J, Nichols D, Winters N, Ottersberg S, Tenborg M. Modulation of cytokine expression by traditional medicines: a review of herbal immunomodulators. Altern Med Rev. 2006;11:128–150. - PubMed
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources