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Molecular evidence for high frequency of multiple paternity in a freshwater shrimp species Caridina ensifera - PubMed

  • ️Fri Jan 01 2010

Molecular evidence for high frequency of multiple paternity in a freshwater shrimp species Caridina ensifera

Gen Hua Yue et al. PLoS One. 2010.

Abstract

Background: Molecular genetic analyses of parentage provide insights into mating systems. Although there are 22,000 members in Malacostraca, not much has been known about mating systems in Malacostraca. The freshwater shrimp Caridina ensifera blue, is a new species belonging to Malacostraca which was discovered recently in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Due to its small body size and low fecundity, this species is an ideal species to study the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity and to understand of how the low fecundity species persist and evolve.

Methodology/principal findings: In this study, we developed four polymorphic microsatellites from C. ensifera and applied them to investigate the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity in 20 C. ensifera broods caught from Lake Matano, Sulawesi. By genotyping the mother and all offspring from each brood we discovered multiple paternity in all 20 broods. In most of the 20 broods, fathers contributed skewed numbers of offspring and there was an apparent inverse correlation between reproductive success of sires and their relatedness to mothers.

Conclusions/significance: Our results in combination with recent reports on multiple paternity in crayfish, crab and lobster species suggests that multiple paternity is common in Malacostraca. Skewed contribution of fathers to the numbers of offspring and inverse correlation between reproductive success of sires and their relatedness to mothers suggest that sperm competition occurred and/or pre- and postcopulatory female choice happen, which may be important for avoiding the occurrence of inbreeding and optimize genetic variation in offspring and for persistence and evolution of low fecundity species.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Sampling location of C. ensifera blue in Lake Matano in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia.

A: Map of Indonesia; B: Map of Sulawesi and C: Map of Lake Mantano. The star showed the position of sampling C. ensifera blue individuals.

Figure 2
Figure 2. Relative contribution of fathers to broods sired by multiple fathers.

A: Data estimated using software GERUD and B: Data estimated using the program COLONY. F1-F11: Fathers 1–11 in broods. The star above a bar indicates paternal contributions deviated significantly from equality (goodness-of-fit χ2-tests, P<0.05) in a brood.

Figure 3
Figure 3. The percentage of offspring sired by a father plotted against the genetic similarity between the father and mother.

The equation of the linear regression is shown on the figure. A: Analysis based on data estimated using software GERUD and B: Analysis based on data estimated using the program COLONY.

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