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Vaccination for hepatitis C virus: closing in on an evasive target - PubMed

Review

Vaccination for hepatitis C virus: closing in on an evasive target

John Halliday et al. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011 May.

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people globally and is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current gold-standard therapy often fails, has significant side effects in many cases and is expensive. No vaccine is currently available. The fact that a significant proportion of infected people spontaneously control HCV infection in the setting of an appropriate immune response suggests that a vaccine for HCV is a realistic goal. A comparative analysis of infected people with distinct clinical outcomes has enabled the characterization of many important innate and adaptive immune processes associated with viral control. It is clear that a successful HCV vaccine will need to exploit and enhance these natural immune defense mechanisms. New HCV vaccine approaches, including peptide, recombinant protein, DNA and vector-based vaccines, have recently reached Phase I/II human clinical trials. Some of these technologies have generated robust antiviral immunity in healthy volunteers and infected patients. The challenge now is to move forward into larger at-risk or infected populations to truly test efficacy.

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Figures

**Figure 1. Viral-host immune interactions during acute and chronic HCV infection**
HCV: Hepatitis C virus; TCR: T-cell receptor.

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Vaccination for hepatitis C virus: closing in on an evasive target - PubMed