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The gut microbiota and its relationship to diet and obesity: new insights - PubMed

Review

. 2012 May-Jun;3(3):186-202.

doi: 10.4161/gmic.20168. Epub 2012 May 1.

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Review

The gut microbiota and its relationship to diet and obesity: new insights

Siobhan F Clarke et al. Gut Microbes. 2012 May-Jun.

Abstract

Obesity develops from a prolonged imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. However, the relatively recent discovery that the composition and function of the gut microbiota impacts on obesity has lead to an explosion of interest in what is now a distinct research field. Here, research relating to the links between the gut microbiota, diet and obesity will be reviewed under five major headings: (1) the gut microbiota of lean and obese animals, (2) the composition of the gut microbiota of lean and obese humans, (3) the impact of diet on the gut microbiota, (4) manipulating the gut microbiota and (5) the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can impact on weight gain.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.

The study of the role of the gut microbiota in obesity can be subdivided into four broad areas.

Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Next generation sequencing (NGS)-high throughput. Left-16S rRNA gene amplification using specific PCR primers followed by sequencing to reveal eubacterial composition. Right-random shearing of metagenomic DNA into small fragments followed by sequencing to reveal functional potential of bacterial population.

Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Comparison of germ free and conventionally raised mice with respect to weight gain and associated biomarkers. Fasting induced adipose factor (Fiaf), phosphorylated AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and western diet (WD).

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