pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Real time anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of an active fraction of Eurycoma longifolia root studied by in situ scanning and transmission electron microscopy - PubMed

  • ️Sun Jan 01 2012

Real time anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of an active fraction of Eurycoma longifolia root studied by in situ scanning and transmission electron microscopy

Nowroji Kavitha et al. Molecules. 2012.

Abstract

The inhibitory effect of active fractions of Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) root, namely TAF355 and TAF401, were evaluated against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). In our previous study, we demonstrated that T. gondii was susceptible to TAF355 and TAF401 with IC₅₀ values of 1.125 µg/mL and 1.375 µg/mL, respectively. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were used to study the in situ antiparasitic activity at the IC₅₀ value. Clindamycin was used as positive control. SEM examination revealed cell wall alterations with formation of invaginations followed by completely collapsed cells compared to the normal T. gondii cells in response to the fractions. The main abnormality noted via TEM study was decreased cytoplasmic volume, leaving a state of structural disorganization within the cell cytoplasm and destruction of its organelles as early as 12 h of treatment, which indicated of rapid antiparasitic activity of the E. longifolia fractions. The significant antiparasitic activity shown by the TAF355 and TAF401 active fractions of E. longifolia suggests their potential as new anti-T. gondii agent candidates.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

SEM micrograph of the untreated and clindamycin treated cells of T. gondii after different time intervals. (a) Untreated cells, (b) 12 h of exposure, (c) 24 h treated cells, (d) 36 h of exposure.

Figure 2
Figure 2

SEM micrograph of the untreated and TAF355 treated cells of T. gondii after different time intervals. (a) Untreated cells, (b) 12 h of exposure, (c) 24 h treated cells, (d) 36 h of exposure.

Figure 3
Figure 3

SEM micrograph of the untreated and TAF401 treated cells of T. gondii for different time interval. (a) Untreated cells, (b) 12 h of exposure, (c) 24 h treated cells, (d) 36 h of exposure.

Figure 4
Figure 4

TEM micrograph of the control cells of T. gondii. M, mitochondrion; N, nucleus; LB, Lipid body.

Figure 5
Figure 5

TEM micrographs of the treated treated cells of T. gondii for different time intervals.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Gimlette J.D., Thomson H.W. A Dictionary of Malayan Medicine. Oxford University Press; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: 1977. p. 183.
    1. Perry L.M. Medicinal Plants for East and Southeast Asia. Attributed Properties and Uses. M.I.T. Press; Cambridge, MA, USA: 1980. p. 389.
    1. Itokawa H., Kishi E., Morita H., Takeya K. Cytotoxic quassinoids and tirucallane-type triterpenes from the woods of Eurycoma longifolia. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1992;40:1053–1055. doi: 10.1248/cpb.40.1053. - DOI
    1. Chan K.L., O’Neill M.J., Phillipson J.D., Warhurst D.C. Plants as sources of antimalarial drugs. Part 3. Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Planta Med. 1986;52:105–107. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-969091. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chan K.L., Lee S.P., Sam T.W., Han B.H. A quassinoid glycoside from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia. Phytochemistry. 1989;28:2857–2859. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98108-1. - DOI

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources