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Inorganic nanosystems for therapeutic delivery: status and prospects - PubMed

Review

Inorganic nanosystems for therapeutic delivery: status and prospects

Chang Soo Kim et al. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013 Jan.

Abstract

Inorganic nanomaterials have an array of structural and physical properties that can be used in therapeutic delivery systems. The sizes, shapes, and surfaces of inorganic nanomaterials can be tailored to produce distinct interactions with biological systems both in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticle cores can likewise be engineered to possess unique opticophysical properties, including upconversion, size-dependent absorbance/emission as well as magnetic properties such as superparamagnetism. These properties make inorganic nanomaterials as useful imaging agents for noninvasive diagnostics and remotely activated theragnostics. Taken together, these unique properties of inorganic nanomaterials make them promising delivery systems.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Schematic presentation of inorganic nanomaterials with different sizes and shapes. The inorganic nanomaterials possess various physical, chemical properties and may be used in numerous applications in imaging, delivery, and theragnostic applications.

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

(a) Schematic illustration of upconversion luminescence of NPs triplet–triplet annihilation - upconversion nanophosphors NPs (TTA-UCNP), and chemical structures of building blocks for TTA-UCNP. (b) Energy level diagram of sensitized TTA process. (Reproduced with permission from [8], copyright by the American Chemical Society).

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

Real-time intravital imaging of size-dependent QDs distribution in a SCID mouse bearing a Mu89 melanoma. (a) Multiphoton microscopy image of the distribution of NPs at 30 min. (b) Multiphoton microscopy images of distribution of the NPs in the same region as (a) at 120 min post-injection. (c) Penetration depth analysis at 60 min post-injection. (Reproduced with permission from [14], copyright by the John Wiley and Sons)

Fig. 4
Fig. 4

Block diagram of the combined ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging system (a), photoacoustic images (b,c) and ultrasound (d) of gelatin implants in mouse tissue ex vivo at various laser illumination wavelengths. The cells with targeted AuNPs (red), control cells (white), the cells mixed with mPEG-SH coated Au NPs (green), and NIR dye (blue) are shown on the ultrasound image (d). (Reproduced with permission from [24], copyright by the American Chemical Society)

Fig. 5
Fig. 5

(a) Structure of the diaminohexane-terminated AuNP and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). (b) Activation of AuNP–NH2–CB[7] cytotoxicity by dethreading of CB[7] from the NP surface by 1-adamatylamine. (Reproduced with permission from [41], copyright by the Nature Publishing Group)

Fig. 6
Fig. 6

(a) Schematic presentation of targeting of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded magnetic upconversion oxide nanospheres (MUC-F-NR) to tumor cells assisted by an externally applied magnetic field (MF). (b) Tumor location intensity increases with 1 h magnetic field treatment. (c) The luminescence signal at 650 nm. (d) Changes in tumor volume of mice treated with saline, MUC-F-NR, DOX, and DOX loaded MUC-F-NR over 21 days in the absence and presence of MF. (Reproduced with permission from [46], copyright by the American Chemical Society)

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