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A radiosonde using a humidity sensor array with a platinum resistance heater and multi-sensor data fusion - PubMed

  • ️Tue Jan 01 2013

A radiosonde using a humidity sensor array with a platinum resistance heater and multi-sensor data fusion

Yunbo Shi et al. Sensors (Basel). 2013.

Abstract

This paper describes the design and implementation of a radiosonde which can measure the meteorological temperature, humidity, pressure, and other atmospheric data. The system is composed of a CPU, microwave module, temperature sensor, pressure sensor and humidity sensor array. In order to effectively solve the humidity sensor condensation problem due to the low temperatures in the high altitude environment, a capacitive humidity sensor including four humidity sensors to collect meteorological humidity and a platinum resistance heater was developed using micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) technology. A platinum resistance wire with 99.999% purity and 0.023 mm in diameter was used to obtain the meteorological temperature. A multi-sensor data fusion technique was applied to process the atmospheric data. Static and dynamic experimental results show that the designed humidity sensor with platinum resistance heater can effectively tackle the sensor condensation problem, shorten response times and enhance sensitivity. The humidity sensor array can improve measurement accuracy and obtain a reliable initial meteorological humidity data, while the multi-sensor data fusion technique eliminates the uncertainty in the measurement. The radiosonde can accurately reflect the meteorological changes.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.

System block diagram.

Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Photograph of the platinum resistance wire and temperature sensor.

Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Regression analysis result.

Figure 4.
Figure 4.

The structure of the humidity sensor.

Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Fabrication flow of the humidity sensor: (a1) Snakelike electrode; (b1) Dielectric layer; (c1) Bottom electrode; (d1) Silicon cup; (e1) Sensing film; (f1) Upper electrode.

Figure 6.
Figure 6.

Fabrication flow of planar structure: (a2) Snakelike electrode; (b2) Dielectric layer; (d2) Bottom electrode; (e2) Sensing film; (f2) Upper electrode.

Figure 7.
Figure 7.

Photograph of the humidity sensor.

Figure 8.
Figure 8.

Humidity generator block diagram.

Figure 9.
Figure 9.

Measured results of the humidity sensor at +20 °C.

Figure 10.
Figure 10.

Measured results of the humidity sensor at different temperatures.

Figure 11.
Figure 11.

Relation between humidity sensitivity and temperature.

Figure 12.
Figure 12.

Regression equation result.

Figure 13.
Figure 13.

Photographs of the first part system.

Figure 14.
Figure 14.

Microwave transmitting block diagram.

Figure 15.
Figure 15.

Microwave receiver unit block diagram.

Figure 16.
Figure 16.

Photograph of the microwave receiver system.

Figure 17.
Figure 17.

Radiosonde program software flow chart.

Figure 18.
Figure 18.

Microwave communication protocol.

Figure 19.
Figure 19.

PC program software flow chart.

Figure 20.
Figure 20.

The experiment preparation process.

Figure 21.
Figure 21.

Pressure change over time curve.

Figure 22.
Figure 22.

Temperature change over time curve.

Figure 23.
Figure 23.

Humidity change over time curve.

Figure 24.
Figure 24.

Humidity and temperature change over time curve.

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