Effects of GLP-1 on appetite and weight - PubMed
Review
Effects of GLP-1 on appetite and weight
Meera Shah et al. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2014 Sep.
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a cleavage product of the pre-proglucagon gene which is expressed in the α-cells of the pancreas, the L-cells of the intestine, and neurons located in the caudal brainstem and hypothalamus. GLP-1 is of relevance to appetite and weight maintenance because it has actions on the gastrointestinal tract as well as the direct regulation of appetite. It delays gastric emptying and gut motility in humans. In addition, interventricular injections of GLP-1 inhibit food intake, independent of the presence of food in the stomach or gastric emptying. Peripherally administered GLP-1 also affects the central regulation of feeding. It is therefore the synergistic actions of GLP-1 in the gut and brain, acting on both central and peripheral receptors that seem responsible for the effects of the hormone on satiety.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of interest Dr. Shah has no relevant disclosures.
Figures

The role of GLP-1 in modulating appetite. GLP-1 has effects on central and peripheral receptors. Afferent branches of the vagus relay information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the gastrointestinal tract to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Circulating hormones could theoretically directly stimulate areas outside the blood brain barrier although the role of this pathway is of uncertain significance in normal physiology (–ve denotes an inhibitory effect, while + ve denotes a permissive/enhancing effect) [72,73,74]
Similar articles
-
Asmar M, Bache M, Knop FK, Madsbad S, Holst JJ. Asmar M, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2367-75. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2133. Epub 2010 Mar 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010. PMID: 20194711 Clinical Trial.
-
Hellström PM, Näslund E. Hellström PM, et al. Physiol Behav. 2001 Nov-Dec;74(4-5):735-41. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00618-7. Physiol Behav. 2001. PMID: 11790437 Review.
-
Glucagon-like peptide 1 and appetite.
Dailey MJ, Moran TH. Dailey MJ, et al. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Feb;24(2):85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.11.008. Epub 2013 Jan 16. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013. PMID: 23332584 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Svane MS, Jørgensen NB, Bojsen-Møller KN, Dirksen C, Nielsen S, Kristiansen VB, Toräng S, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Rehfeld JF, Hartmann B, Madsbad S, Holst JJ. Svane MS, et al. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016 Nov;40(11):1699-1706. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.121. Epub 2016 Aug 30. Int J Obes (Lond). 2016. PMID: 27434221 Clinical Trial.
-
Parker JA, McCullough KA, Field BC, Minnion JS, Martin NM, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Parker JA, et al. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Oct;37(10):1391-8. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.227. Epub 2013 Jan 22. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013. PMID: 23337772
Cited by
-
Goron AR, Connolly C, Valdez-Sinon AN, Hesson A, Helou C, Kirschen GW. Goron AR, et al. J Clin Med. 2024 Oct 20;13(20):6259. doi: 10.3390/jcm13206259. J Clin Med. 2024. PMID: 39458209 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Caballero Mateos I, García de Lucas MD, Doulatram-Gamgaram VK, Moreno-Moreno P, Jimenez-Millan AI, Botana-López M, Merino-Torres JF, Soto-Gónzalez A, Fernández-García JC, Morales-Portillo C. Caballero Mateos I, et al. Nutrients. 2024 Aug 3;16(15):2545. doi: 10.3390/nu16152545. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 39125424 Free PMC article.
-
Cimino G, Vaduganathan M, Lombardi CM, Pagnesi M, Vizzardi E, Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Metra M, Inciardi RM. Cimino G, et al. ESC Heart Fail. 2024 Apr;11(2):649-661. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.14560. Epub 2023 Dec 13. ESC Heart Fail. 2024. PMID: 38093506 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Lees MJ, Carson BP. Lees MJ, et al. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 13;12(8):2434. doi: 10.3390/nu12082434. Nutrients. 2020. PMID: 32823615 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Naomi R, Teoh SH, Halim S, Embong H, Hasain Z, Bahari H, Kumar J. Naomi R, et al. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Aug 3;12(8):1549. doi: 10.3390/antiox12081549. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37627544 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:1409–39. - PubMed
-
- Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(6):2131–57. - PubMed
-
- Tang-Christensen M, Vrang N, Larsen PJ. Glucagon-like peptide containing pathways in the regulation of feeding behaviour. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(Suppl 5):S42–7. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical