Virus and cell fusion mechanisms - PubMed

Review

Virus and cell fusion mechanisms

Benjamin Podbilewicz. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2014.

Abstract

In biomembrane fusion pathways, membranes are destabilized through insertions of amphipathic protein segments, lipid reorganization via hemifusion, protein restructuring, and dimpling of the membranes. Four classes of membrane proteins are known in virus and cell fusion. Class I virus-cell fusion proteins (fusogens) are α-helix-rich prefusion trimers that form coiled-coil structures that insert hydrophobic fusion peptides or loops (FPs or FLs) into membranes and refold into postfusion trimers. Class II virus-cell fusogens are β-sheet-rich prefusion homo- or heterodimers that insert FLs into membranes, ending in postfusion trimers. Class III virus-cell fusogens are trimers with both α-helices and β-sheets that dissociate into monomers, insert FLs into membranes, and oligomerize into postfusion trimers. Class IV reoviral cell-cell fusogens are small proteins with FLs that oligomerize to fuse membranes. Class I cell-cell fusogens (Syncytins) were captured by mammals from retroviruses, and class II cell-cell fusogens (EFF-1/AFF-1) fuse membranes via homotypic zippering. Mechanisms and fusogens for most cell fusion events are unknown.

Keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; enveloped viruses; fusion proteins; fusogen; hemifusion; placenta; reoviruses.

Similar articles

• The hallmarks of cell-cell fusion.

  Hernández JM, Podbilewicz B. Hernández JM, et al. Development. 2017 Dec 15;144(24):4481-4495. doi: 10.1242/dev.155523. Development. 2017. PMID: 29254991 Review.

• Structure of the Core Postfusion Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Fusion Protein.

  Dean TT, Serrão VHB, Lee JE. Dean TT, et al. mBio. 2022 Feb 22;13(1):e0292021. doi: 10.1128/mbio.02920-21. Epub 2022 Jan 25. mBio. 2022. PMID: 35073741 Free PMC article.

• Mechanism of membrane fusion induced by vesicular stomatitis virus G protein.

  Kim IS, Jenni S, Stanifer ML, Roth E, Whelan SP, van Oijen AM, Harrison SC. Kim IS, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jan 3;114(1):E28-E36. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1618883114. Epub 2016 Dec 14. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017. PMID: 27974607 Free PMC article.

• The structural biology of type I viral membrane fusion.

  Colman PM, Lawrence MC. Colman PM, et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Apr;4(4):309-19. doi: 10.1038/nrm1076. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003. PMID: 12671653 Review.

• The Role of histidine residues in low-pH-mediated viral membrane fusion.

  Kampmann T, Mueller DS, Mark AE, Young PR, Kobe B. Kampmann T, et al. Structure. 2006 Oct;14(10):1481-7. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2006.07.011. Structure. 2006. PMID: 17027497 Review.

Cited by

• Rho GTPases and the downstream effectors actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex and myosin II induce membrane fusion at self-contacts.

  Sumida GM, Yamada S. Sumida GM, et al. J Biol Chem. 2015 Feb 6;290(6):3238-47. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.612168. Epub 2014 Dec 19. J Biol Chem. 2015. PMID: 25527498 Free PMC article.

• The Role of Phlebovirus Glycoproteins in Viral Entry, Assembly and Release.

  Spiegel M, Plegge T, Pöhlmann S. Spiegel M, et al. Viruses. 2016 Jul 21;8(7):202. doi: 10.3390/v8070202. Viruses. 2016. PMID: 27455305 Free PMC article. Review.

• Cell Fusion-Related Proteins and Signaling Pathways, and Their Roles in the Development and Progression of Cancer.

  Zhang H, Ma H, Yang X, Fan L, Tian S, Niu R, Yan M, Zheng M, Zhang S. Zhang H, et al. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Feb 1;9:809668. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809668. eCollection 2021. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022. PMID: 35178400 Free PMC article. Review.

• Discovery of archaeal fusexins homologous to eukaryotic HAP2/GCS1 gamete fusion proteins.

  Moi D, Nishio S, Li X, Valansi C, Langleib M, Brukman NG, Flyak K, Dessimoz C, de Sanctis D, Tunyasuvunakool K, Jumper J, Graña M, Romero H, Aguilar PS, Jovine L, Podbilewicz B. Moi D, et al. Nat Commun. 2022 Jul 6;13(1):3880. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31564-1. Nat Commun. 2022. PMID: 35794124 Free PMC article.

• SARS-CoV-2 Syncytium under the Radar: Molecular Insights of the Spike-Induced Syncytia and Potential Strategies to Limit SARS-CoV-2 Replication.

  Ali H, Naseem A, Siddiqui ZI. Ali H, et al. J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 20;12(18):6079. doi: 10.3390/jcm12186079. J Clin Med. 2023. PMID: 37763019 Free PMC article. Review.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

• Full Text Sources

  • Ingenta plc

• Other Literature Sources

  • The Lens - Patent Citations Database
  • scite Smart Citations

• Miscellaneous

  • NCI CPTAC Assay Portal