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The ordinal effects of ostracism: a meta-analysis of 120 Cyberball studies - PubMed

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Meta-Analysis

The ordinal effects of ostracism: a meta-analysis of 120 Cyberball studies

Chris H J Hartgerink et al. PLoS One. 2015.

Abstract

We examined 120 Cyberball studies (N = 11,869) to determine the effect size of ostracism and conditions under which the effect may be reversed, eliminated, or small. Our analyses showed that (1) the average ostracism effect is large (d > |1.4|) and (2) generalizes across structural aspects (number of players, ostracism duration, number of tosses, type of needs scale), sampling aspects (gender, age, country), and types of dependent measure (interpersonal, intrapersonal, fundamental needs). Further, we test Williams's (2009) proposition that the immediate impact of ostracism is resistant to moderation, but that moderation is more likely to be observed in delayed measures. Our findings suggest that (3) both first and last measures are susceptible to moderation and (4) time passed since being ostracized does not predict effect sizes of the last measure. Thus, support for this proposition is tenuous and we suggest modifications to the temporal need-threat model of ostracism.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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The preparation of this article was supported by grant number 016-125-385 from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (http://nwo.nl) awarded to Jelte M. Wicherts and by the National Science Foundation (http://nsf.gov) under Grant #BCS-1339160 awarded to Kipling D. Williams.

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