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A new leafminer on grapevine and Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) in South Africa within an expanded generic concept of Holocacista (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae) - PubMed

  • ️Thu Jan 01 2015

A new leafminer on grapevine and Rhoicissus (Vitaceae) in South Africa within an expanded generic concept of Holocacista (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae)

Erik J van Nieukerken et al. Zookeys. 2015.

Abstract

A grapevine leafminer found recently in table grape orchards and vineyards in the Paarl region (Western Cape, South Africa) is described as Holocacistacapensis sp. n. It has also been found on native Rhoicissusdigitata and bred on that species in the laboratory. It is closely related to Holocacistasalutans (Meyrick, 1921), comb. n. (from Antispila), described from Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, but widespread in southern Africa and a native leafminer of various Vitaceae: Rhoicissustomentosa, Rhoicissusdigitata, Rhoicissustridentata and Cissuscornifolia. Holocacistacapensis has been found on Vitisvinifera both in Gauteng and Western Cape, the earliest record being from 1950 in Pretoria. The initial host shift from native Vitaceae to Vitis must have occurred much earlier. The species is sometimes present in high densities, but hitherto no sizeable damage to the crops has been noted. The genus Holocacista Walsingham & Durrant, 1909, previously known from the single European grapevine leafminer Holocacistarivillei (Stainton, 1855), is expanded and redescribed and for the first time reported from Africa, East and South-East Asia and Australia. It comprises seven named species and at least 15 unnamed species. The following species are also recombined with Holocacista: transferred from Antispilina: South-African Holocacistavarii (Mey, 2011), comb. n., feeding on Pelargonium, transferred from Antispila: the Indian species Holocacistamicrarcha (Meyrick, 1926), comb. n. and Holocacistapariodelta (Meyrick, 1929), comb. n., both feeding on Lanneacoromandelica, and Holocacistaselastis (Meyrick, 1926), comb. n. on Psychotriadalzelii. We also remove the following from Antispila: Heliozelaanna (Fletcher, 1920), comb. n. and Heliozelaargyrozona (Meyrick, 1918), comb. n., whereas the following Indian Vitaceae feeding species are confirmed to belong in Antispila s. str.: Antispilaargostoma Meyrick, 1916 and Antispilaaristarcha Meyrick, 1916. Holocacistasalutans and Holocacistavarii are redescribed and diagnosed against Holocacistacapensis and other South African Heliozelidae. DNA barcodes are provided for 13 species of Holocacista.

Keywords: Afrotropics; Antispila; Antispilina; Cissus; DNA barcode; Holocacista; Host shift; India; Rhoicissus; South Africa; Vitaceae; Zimbabwe; genitalia; leafminers; table grapes; viticulture.

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Figures

Figures 1–4.
Figures 1–4.

Holocacista species, adult habitus. 1–3 Holocacista capensis: 1 Male holotype, RMNH.INS.24622 2 Female, Western Cape, Paarl, RMNH.INS.24624 3 Male, Western Cape, Wilderness, reared from Rhoicissus digitata, Genitalia slide EvN4381 4 Holocacista salutans, male, Kwazulu-Natal, Umhlanga Rocks, reared from Rhoicissus revoilii, Genitalia slide EvN 4383. Scales 1 mm.

Figures 5–12.
Figures 5–12.

Holocacista species, adult habitus. 5, 6 Holocacista varii, Western Cape, Table mountain NP 5 Male, RMNH.INS.24623 6 Female RMNH.INS.24625 7 Holocacista sp. Rhoicissus_tridentata, male, Zimbabwe, Mt. Selinda, Genitalia slide EvN4385 8 Holocacista sp. Cissus_integrifolia, male, Zimbabwe, Lundi, Genitalia slide EvN4387 9 Holocacista rivillei, male, Italy, Borghetto, RMNH.INS.24626 10 Holocacista micrarcha, male 11 Holocacista selastis, male 12 H. Leea_Borneo, male, Indonesia, Kalimantan Timur, Gunung Lumut, RMNH.INS.24158. Scales 1 mm.

Figures 13–20.
Figures 13–20.

Heliozelidae species, adult habitus. 13 Holocacista sp. Dyerophytum_UAE, Male, UAE, Fujairah, RMNH.INS.24628 14 Holocacista sp. Psychotria_Australia, male, Australia, Queensland, RMNH.INS.24367 15 Holocacista sp. Lasianthus_Borneo, female, Indonesia, Kalimantan Timur, Gunung Lumut, RMNH.INS.24159 16 Holocacista sp. Impatiens_Vietnam, male, Vietnam, Cuc Phuong NP, RMNH.INS.24361 17 Antispila sp. Rhoicissus_SA, male, South Africa, Limpopo, Louis Trichard, Genitalia slide EvN4379 18 Antispila argostoma, male, India 19 Antispila aristarcha, female, India 20 Heliozela anna, female, India. Scales 1 mm.

Figures 21–28.
Figures 21–28.

Heliozelidae species, details of adult morphology. 21 Holocacista rivillei, male, denuded head, RMNH.INS.24300 22 Holocacista capensis, male, denuded head, RMNH.INS.24445 23 Holocacista rivillei, male, detail mouthparts, RMNH.INS.24443 24 Holocacista rivillei, male, head and antenna, showing 15 segments, RMNH.INS.24300 25–28 Male foretibia with or without epiphysis: 25 Holocacista capensis, small epiphysis, RMNH.INS.24445 26 Holocacista rivillei, small epiphysis, RMNH.INS.24443 27 Heliozela sericiella, large epiphysis, RMNH.INS.24451 28 Antispilina ludwigi, epiphysis absent, RMNH.INS.24448.

Figures 29, 30.
Figures 29, 30.

Holocacista species, wing venation. 29 Holocacista rivillei, female, veins labelled, RMNH.INS.24259 30 Holocacista capensis, male, RMNH.INS.24260.

Figures 31–36.
Figures 31–36.

Heliozelidae species, wing venation 31 Holocacista micrarcha, male, BM34300 32 Holocacista selastis, male, BM34299 33 Holocacista sp. Psychotria_Australia, male, RMNH.INS.24367 34 Holocacista sp. Impatiens_Vietnam, female, RMNH.INS.24368 35 Antispila argostoma, male, BM34298 36 Heliozela anna, female, BM34301. Scales 0.5 mm.

Figures 37–41.
Figures 37–41.

Holocacista capensis, male genitalia in ventral view, RMNH.INS.24445; 37 and 40 focussed on ventral side, showing valvae and phallus tip; others more dorsally, showing tegumen and transtilla.

Figures 42–49.
Figures 42–49.

Holocacista capensis, male genitalia, details. 42–46 Holotype, RMNH.INS.24642, phallus in ventro-lateral view (42, 44, 45); valva in ventral view (43); tegumen in dorsal view (46) 47 Genitalia in lateral view, RMNH.INS.24446 48, 49 phallus and juxta, lateral view, slide JCK7813.

Figures 50–53.
Figures 50–53.

Holocacista capensis, female genitalia. 50 lateral view, RMNH.INS.24261 51–53 Oviscapt detail (51, 52) or complete apophyses in ventral view, RMNH.INS.24625 (51), RMNH.INS.24624 (52, 53).

Figures 54–58.
Figures 54–58.

Holocacista salutans, male genitalia. 54, 55 ventro-lateral view, Genitalia slide EvN4383 56 phallus in lateral view, Genitalia slide EvN4384 57 tegumen in almost dorsal view, Genitalia slide EvN4384 58 possible syntype in lateral view, Genitalia slide TM4023.

Figures 59–64.
Figures 59–64.

Holocacista varii, male genitalia. 59 ventral view, photographed in glycerin, Genitalia slide EvN4388 60–64 details, RMNH.INS.24623 60, 61 tegumen, respectively more ventrally and dorsally focussed 62 phallus and juxta in lateral view 63 valvae in ventral view 64 transtilla ventral view, focussed more dorsally.

Figures 65–69.
Figures 65–69.

Holocacista species, female genitalia. 65, 66 Holocacista salutans, lateral view, RMNH.INS.24668 67–69 Holocacista varii, RMNH.INS.24625: 67 internal genitalia in lateral view 68 apophyses in more or less ventral view 69 oviscapt detail, ventral view.

Figures 70–75.
Figures 70–75.

Holocacista capensis, leafmines on Vitis vinifera, Paarl (70–73) and Rhoicissus digitata, Wilderness (74, 75) 70 EvN2013029, 25 January 2013 71 16 January 2013 72 EvN2013029, 25 January 2013 73 2013003, 15 January 2013 74, 75 Vári Ac. No. 1093, 15.iii.1954 (dried leafmines).

Figures 76–82.
Figures 76–82.

Holocacista capensis, life history. 76 Trunk of Vitis with many cocoons with exuviae, De Anker, Paarl, 14 February 2013 77 grapes with fresh cocoons attached, Paarl, 25 January 2013 78 larva in cocoon, going down on silken thread, Paarl, 16 January 2013 79 Leafmines in Rhoicissus digitata, reared in laboratory from adults that originated on Vitis from Wellington, 2014 80–82 Live adult males, reared from Vitis vinifera, from Paarl 80 EvN2013004, 28 January 81 Windmeul, reared in Leiden, 23 February 2012 82 EvN2013005, 4 February.

Figures 83–88.
Figures 83–88.

Holocacista species, leafmines on Vitaceae. 83 Holocacista sp. Rhoicissus_tomentosa, fresh mine, larva cutting out shield, Swellendam, EvN2014901, larva RMNH.INS.30313 84 Holocacista sp. Rhoicissus_tridentata, dried mines, Vari 1225 85 Holocacista salutans on Rhoicissus tomentosa, dried mines, Vari 2788 86 Holocacista salutans on Rhoicissus digitata, dried mines, Vari 3342 87, 88 Holocacista rivillei, fresh mines with larvae on Vitis vinifera, in 87 two larvae next to each other, one in cocoon, EvN2013904.

Figures 89–93.
Figures 89–93.

Holocacista species, leafmines on various plants 89 Holocacista varii, fresh mine with larva on Pelargonium, EvN2013033 90 Holocacista varii, dried mine on Pelargonium cucullatum, EvN2013021 91 Holocacista sp. Leea_Borneo, dried mines on Leea indica, EvN2005252 92 Holocacista sp. Lasianthus_Borneo, dried mine on Lasianthus sp., EvN2005255 93 Holocacista sp. Paederia_Taiwan, dried mine on Paederia, EvN2012314.

Figures 94–100.
Figures 94–100.

Holocacista species, male phallus in lateral view, scale 100 μm. 94–96 Holocacista capensis, Genitalia slides resp. EvN4264, EvN4446 [mirrored], EvN4381 97–100 Holocacista salutans, Genitalia slides resp. TM4023 [type locality], EvN4383, EvN4384. All on same scale.

Figures 101–106.
Figures 101–106.

Holocacista species, male phallus in lateral view, scales 100 μm. 101 Holocacista sp. Rhoicissus_tridentata, Genitalia slide EvN4380 [mirrored] 102 Holocacista sp. Rhoicissus_PundaMilia, Genitalia slide EvN4382 103 Holocacista sp. Cissus_integrifolia, Genitalia slide EvN4387 104 Holocacista varii, Genitalia slide EvN4623 105 Holocacista rivillei, Genitalia slide EvN4443 [mirrored] 106 Holocacista sp. Dyerophytum_UAE, Genitalia slide EvN4628. 104 and 105 on the same scale.

Figures 107–114.
Figures 107–114.

Holocacista species, male genitalia, details, scales 100 μm. 107–110 Holocacista capensis, Holotype, Genitalia slide EvN4622 111, 113 Holocacista salutans, Genitalia slide EvN4383 112, 114 Holocacista varii Genitalia slide EvN4623 108–110, same scale; 111–114 same scale.

Figures 115–116.
Figures 115–116.

Distribution records of southern African Holocacista species. 115 Holocacista capensis (red dots) and Holocacista salutans (blue dots); arrow points at Wilderness, only locality where Holocacista capensis was found on native Rhoicissus digitata 116 Holocacista varii.

Figure 117.
Figure 117.

Neighbor Joining Tree, based on DNA barcodes of Holocacista species and other Heliozelidae.

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