Predominance of DR3 in Somali children with type 1 diabetes in the twin cities, Minnesota - PubMed
. 2017 Mar;18(2):136-142.
doi: 10.1111/pedi.12369. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
Janelle A Noble 2 , Liping Yu 3 , Zahra Mahamed 1 , Julie A Lane 2 , Abdirahman M Dhunkal 1 , Melena D Bellin 1 , Brandon Nathan 1 , Jennifer Kyllo 4 , M Jennifer Abuzzahab 4 , Peter A Gottlieb 3 , Sunanda Babu 3 , Taylor Armstrong 3 , Antoinette Moran 1
Affiliations
- PMID: 26854192
- DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12369
Predominance of DR3 in Somali children with type 1 diabetes in the twin cities, Minnesota
Muna Sunni et al. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017 Mar.
Abstract
Background: Minnesota is home to the largest Somali population in USA, and pediatric diabetes teams are seeing increasing numbers of Somali children with diabetes.
Objective: To assess the immune basis of diabetes in Somali children in the Twin Cities, Minnesota.
Methods: A total of 31 Somali children ≤19 yr were treated for type 1 diabetes (T1D) at the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital and Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota underwent analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (n = 30) and diabetes autoantibodies [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), islet antigen 2 (IA-2), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8); n = 31]. HLA alleles were analyzed in 49 Somalis without diabetes (controls). Anti-transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) for celiac disease were also measured.
Results: In Somali children with T1D aged 13.5 ± 5 yr (35% female, disease duration 6.5 ± 3.6 yr), the most common HLA allele was DRB1*03:01 (93%, compared with 45% of Somali controls), followed by DRB1*13:02 (27%). There was a relatively low frequency of DR4 (13%). Controls showed a similar pattern. All 31 participants were positive for at least one diabetes autoantibody. Insulin antibodies were positive in 84% (all were on insulin). Excluding insulin antibodies, 23 (74%) subjects tested positive for at least one other diabetes autoantibody; 32% had 1 autoantibody, 32% had 2 autoantibodies, and 10% had 3 autoantibodies. GAD65 autoantibodies were found in 56% of subjects, IA-2 in 29%, and ZnT8 in 26%. Four (13%) were TGA positive.
Conclusion: The autoantibody and HLA profiles of Somali children with diabetes are consistent with autoimmune diabetes. Their HLA profile is unique with an exceptionally high prevalence of DRB1*03:01 allele and relative paucity of DR4 alleles compared with African Americans with T1D.
Keywords: Somali; T1D; diabetes autoimmunity; human leukocyte antigen.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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