Fitness, Fatness, and Mortality: The FIT (Henry Ford Exercise Testing) Project - PubMed
. 2016 Sep;129(9):960-965.e1.
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.04.007. Epub 2016 May 3.
Affiliations
- PMID: 27154778
- DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.04.007
Fitness, Fatness, and Mortality: The FIT (Henry Ford Exercise Testing) Project
Paul A McAuley et al. Am J Med. 2016 Sep.
Abstract
Background: The combined influence of fitness and fatness on mortality risk in diverse populations has not been adequately explored. Our aim was to assess the relative impact of exercise capacity and body mass index (BMI) on all-cause mortality.
Methods: We included 29,257 men and women (mean age 53 years; 27% African American) from The Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project without cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus at baseline. All patients completed a symptom-limited maximal treadmill stress test between 1991 and 2009. Patients were grouped for analysis by exercise capacity (≥10 metabolic equivalents of task [METs] and <10 METs) and obesity status (≥30 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2)), forming 4 subgroups. Independent and joint associations of BMI and exercise capacity with all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 10.8 years, 1898 patients (6.5%) died. We observed a strong inverse association between exercise capacity (per 1 MET unit) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.86 [0.85-0.88]). Body mass index (per 1 BMI unit) was inversely related to mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.98 [0.97-0.99]). In joint analysis, the highest mortality risk was in the <10 METs/<30 kg/m(2) subgroup.
Conclusions: Reduced exercise capacity was a strong independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in this racially diverse population. Given the comparatively limited impact of BMI, more emphasis should be placed on measuring exercise capacity and developing strategies for its improvement in cardiovascular disease prevention programs.
Keywords: Body mass index; Exercise capacity; Mortality; Obesity.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
McAuley PA, Keteyian SJ, Brawner CA, Dardari ZA, Al Rifai M, Ehrman JK, Al-Mallah MH, Whelton SP, Blaha MJ. McAuley PA, et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Jun;93(6):701-708. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.026. Epub 2018 May 3. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018. PMID: 29731178
-
Whelton SP, McAuley PA, Dardari Z, Orimoloye OA, Brawner CA, Ehrman JK, Keteyian SJ, Al-Mallah M, Blaha MJ. Whelton SP, et al. Diabetes Care. 2020 Mar;43(3):677-682. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1673. Epub 2020 Jan 16. Diabetes Care. 2020. PMID: 31949085
-
Body mass index, exercise capacity, and mortality risk in male veterans with hypertension.
Faselis C, Doumas M, Panagiotakos D, Kheirbek R, Korshak L, Manolis A, Pittaras A, Tsioufis C, Papademetriou V, Fletcher R, Kokkinos P. Faselis C, et al. Am J Hypertens. 2012 Apr;25(4):444-50. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2011.242. Epub 2012 Jan 12. Am J Hypertens. 2012. PMID: 22237157
-
Fitness vs. fatness on all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis.
Barry VW, Baruth M, Beets MW, Durstine JL, Liu J, Blair SN. Barry VW, et al. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Jan-Feb;56(4):382-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Oct 11. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014. PMID: 24438729 Review.
-
Contribution of cardiorespiratory fitness to the obesity paradox.
McAuley PA, Beavers KM. McAuley PA, et al. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Jan-Feb;56(4):434-40. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.006. Epub 2013 Oct 11. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014. PMID: 24438735 Review.
Cited by
-
Wang H, Cheng R, Xie L, Hu F. Wang H, et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Jan 16;14:1294362. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1294362. eCollection 2023. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024. PMID: 38288474 Free PMC article.
-
Niedziela JT, Hudzik B, Strojek K, Poloński L, Gąsior M, Rozentryt P. Niedziela JT, et al. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019 Dec;10(6):1307-1315. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12471. Epub 2019 Aug 9. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019. PMID: 31397095 Free PMC article.
-
Al-Mhanna SB, Batrakoulis A, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamed M, Aldayel A, Alhussain MH, Afolabi HA, Wada Y, Gülü M, Elkholi S, Abubakar BD, Rojas-Valverde D. Al-Mhanna SB, et al. PeerJ. 2024 Jun 14;12:e17525. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17525. eCollection 2024. PeerJ. 2024. PMID: 38887616 Free PMC article.
-
Decline in Cardiovascular Mortality: Possible Causes and Implications.
Mensah GA, Wei GS, Sorlie PD, Fine LJ, Rosenberg Y, Kaufmann PG, Mussolino ME, Hsu LL, Addou E, Engelgau MM, Gordon D. Mensah GA, et al. Circ Res. 2017 Jan 20;120(2):366-380. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309115. Circ Res. 2017. PMID: 28104770 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Höchsmann C, Dorling JL, Apolzan JW, Johannsen NM, Hsia DS, Church TS, Martin CK. Höchsmann C, et al. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019 Sep;119(9):2095-2103. doi: 10.1007/s00421-019-04198-3. Epub 2019 Jul 31. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019. PMID: 31367909 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous