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Review of thalamocortical resting-state fMRI studies in schizophrenia - PubMed

Review

Review of thalamocortical resting-state fMRI studies in schizophrenia

Monica Giraldo-Chica et al. Schizophr Res. 2017 Feb.

Abstract

Brain circuitry underlying cognition, emotion, and perception is abnormal in schizophrenia. There is considerable evidence that the neuropathology of schizophrenia includes the thalamus, a key hub of cortical-subcortical circuitry and an important regulator of cortical activity. However, the thalamus is a heterogeneous structure composed of several nuclei with distinct inputs and cortical connections. Limitations of conventional neuroimaging methods and conflicting findings from post-mortem investigations have made it difficult to determine if thalamic pathology in schizophrenia is widespread or limited to specific thalamocortical circuits. Resting-state fMRI has proven invaluable for understanding the large-scale functional organization of the brain and investigating neural circuitry relevant to psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes resting-state fMRI investigations of thalamocortical functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Particular attention is paid to the course, diagnostic specificity, and clinical correlates of thalamocortical network dysfunction.

Keywords: Cortex; Resting-state fMRI; Schizophrenia; Thalamus.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Conflict of interest statement

No commercial support was received for the preparation of this manuscript. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Functional connectivity of cortical regions with the thalamus in healthy individuals and schizophrenia. Using the cortical regions-of-interest (ROI) approach, the cortex is partitioned into six, non-overlapping ROIs which are used as seeds in a functional connectivity analysis (panel A). Activity in each cortical ROI correlates with distinct areas of the thalamus in both healthy subjects (panel B) and patients with schizophrenia (panel C). Compared to healthy subjects, prefrontal connectivity is reduced and somatomotor connectivity increased in schizophrenia (panel D). Figure modified from Woodward et al., (2012).

Figure 2
Figure 2

Dysconnectivity of the thalamus in schizophrenia. Functional connectivity of the thalamus with the rest of the brain is altered in schizophrenia (Panel A). Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit reduced thalamic connectivity with areas of the prefrontal cortex (blue) and increased connectivity with sensory and motor areas (red). Thalamus seed is shown in the bottom inset. Axial slices with corresponding Z-coordinate ranges are presented in Panel B. Abbreviations: con=healthy controls; L=left; R=right; scz=schizophrenia. Figure modified from Anticevic et al., (2013).

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