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Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - PubMed

  • ️Fri Jan 01 2016

Review

Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abigail Basson et al. Front Immunol. 2016.

Abstract

Numerous reviews have discussed gut microbiota composition changes during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly Crohn's disease (CD). However, most studies address the observed effects by focusing on studying the univariate connection between disease and dietary-induced alterations to gut microbiota composition. The possibility that these effects may reflect a number of other interconnected (i.e., pantropic) mechanisms, activated in parallel, particularly concerning various bacterial metabolites, is in the process of being elucidated. Progress seems, however, hampered by various difficult-to-study factors interacting at the mucosal level. Here, we highlight some of such factors that merit consideration, namely: (1) the contribution of host genetics and diet in altering gut microbiome, and in turn, the crosstalk among secondary metabolic pathways; (2) the interdependence between the amount of dietary fat, the fatty acid composition, the effects of timing and route of administration on gut microbiota community, and the impact of microbiota-derived fatty acids; (3) the effect of diet on bile acid composition, and the modulator role of bile acids on the gut microbiota; (4) the impact of endogenous and exogenous intestinal micronutrients and metabolites; and (5) the need to consider food associated toxins and chemicals, which can introduce confounding immune modulating elements (e.g., antioxidant and phytochemicals in oils and proteins). These concepts, which are not mutually exclusive, are herein illustrated paying special emphasis on physiologically inter-related processes.

Keywords: Crohn’s disease; diet; fatty acids; gut microbiota; inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease; mucosal.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and the host within the intestinal lumen. Figure depicts an overview of the interconnected (pantropic) interactions between diet, gut microbiota and the host within the intestinal lumen.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Overview of gut microbiota interactions in SCFA production and degradation. Figure depicts an overview of gut microbiota interactions in SCFA production and degradation, including substrates associated with bacterial utilization. Compared to Bacteroides spp., the Firmicutes phylum encompasses fewer genes for polysaccharide degradation, implying this phylum plays a vital role in nutrition metabolic pathways. Complex interactions also exist among intestinal fungi and dietary fibers (185). Compiled from Ref. (, –, , , , –206).

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