New insights into redox homeostasis as a therapeutic target in B-cell malignancies - PubMed

FIGURE 1

Schematic representation of cellular antioxidant pathways and their inhibitors. Major sources of cellular ROS (in red): mitochondrion, peroxisome, ER, NOX. Enzymes of the thioredoxin system: TRX, TR, PRDX. Enzymes and substrates of the glutathione system: GSH, GSSG, GPX, GRX, GR, GST. Enzymes involved in GSH synthesis: GCL, GS. Inhibitors targeting antioxidant pathways (in green). Abbreviations: ADE, adenanthin; ATO, arsenic trioxide; AUR, auranofin; BSO, buthionine sulfoximine, ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GCL, glutamate cysteine ligase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GRX, glutaredoxins; GS, glutathione synthetase; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GST, glutathione-S-transferase; NOX, NADPH oxidase; Ox, oxidized enzyme; PEITC, phenethyl isothiocyanate; PIPERL, piperlongumine; PK11195, inhibitor of F1F0 ATP synthase; PRDX, peroxiredoxin; TR, thioredoxin reductase; TRX, thioredoxin; Xc-transporter, L-cystine-L-glutamate antiporter system; Red, reduced enzyme.