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Effect of entomopathogenic nematode of Heterorhabditis indica infection on immune and antioxidant system in lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - PubMed

Effect of entomopathogenic nematode of Heterorhabditis indica infection on immune and antioxidant system in lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

K Lalitha et al. J Parasit Dis. 2018 Jun.

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes form excellent tools to study insect immunity in response to during infection. Insects activate as several defense mechanisms, namely Phenoloxidase, haemocytes, detoxification and antioxidant enzymes. However little mechanistic information is available about the sublethal effects of entomopathogenic nematodes infection on detoxification and immune mechanisms in lepidopteran insects. In the present study, the effects of infection on antioxidant, detoxification and immune systems of Spodoptera litura larvae were studied. Results show a significant reduction in Total Haemocyte Count observed after 3 h of infection. A significant increase Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione S-transferase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Acid phosphatase were observed 6 h after infection and, progressive decrease in Peroxidase, Alkaline phosphatase and Lipid peroxidation was also observed. This study shows that increased detoxification enzyme levels in response to nematode infection are a protective mechanism in insects. Nematode infection suppresses insect immune response, which is evident from low haemocyte count and Phenoloxidase levels to ultimately cause larval mortality.

Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Detoxification enzymes; Hemocyte count; Heterorhabditis indica; Lipid peroxidation; Phenoloxidase.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Activity change of cellular (a) and humoral (b) immune response in 3rd instar larvae hemolymph Spodoptera litura infected with (Heterorhabditis indica) larvae in different time intervals. The values are expressed in mean (± SD). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the significant difference among groups. The symbol (**) (***) above the bar represents the significant difference (P < 0.01) (P < 0.001) with respect to control

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Activity change of oxidative stress marker in 3rd instar larvae Spodoptera litura infected with (Heterorhabditis indica) larvae in different time intervals. The values are expressed in mean (± SD). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the significant difference among groups. The symbol (***) above the bar represents the significant difference (P < 0.001) with respect to control

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

Activity change of antioxidant and detoxication related enzymes in 3rd instar larvae Spodoptera litura infected with (Heterorhabditis indica) larvae in different time intervals. The values are expressed in mean (± SD). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the significant difference among groups. The symbol (*) (**) (***) above the bar represents the significant difference (P < 0.05) (P < 0.01) (P < 0.001) with respect to control

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