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Assessing the variation in manganese use efficiency traits in Scottish barley landrace Bere (Hordeum vulgare L.) - PubMed

  • ️Wed Jan 01 2020

Assessing the variation in manganese use efficiency traits in Scottish barley landrace Bere (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Jonathan E Cope et al. Ann Bot. 2020.

Abstract

Background and aims: Manganese (Mn) deficiency in barley is a global problem. It is difficult to detect in the early stages of symptom development and is commonly pre-emptively corrected by Mn foliar sprays that can be costly. Landraces adapted to marginal lands around the world represent a genetic resource for potential sustainability traits including mineral use efficiency. This research aims to confirm novel Mn use efficiency traits from the Scottish landrace Bere and use an association mapping approach to identify genetic loci associated with the trait.

Methods: A hydroponic system was developed to identify and characterize the Mn deficiency tolerance traits in a collection of landraces, including a large number of Scottish Bere barleys, a group of six-rowed heritage landraces grown in the highlands and islands of Scotland. Measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, the effect of Mn deficiency was identified in the early stages of development. Genotypic data, generated using the 50k Illumina iSelect genotyping array, were coupled with the Mn phenotypic data to create a genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifying candidate loci associated with Mn use efficiency.

Key results: The Bere lines generally had good Mn use efficiency traits. Individual Bere lines showed large efficiencies, with some Bere lines recording almost double chlorophyll fluorescence readings in limited Mn conditions compared with the elite cultivar Scholar. The Mn-efficient Bere lines had increased accumulation of Mn in their shoot biomass compared with elite cultivars, which was highly correlated to the chlorophyll fluorescence. Several candidate genes were identified as being associated with Mn use efficiency in the GWAS.

Conclusions: Several genomic regions for Mn use efficiency traits originating from the Bere lines were identified. Further examination and validation of these regions should be undertaken to identify candidate genes for future breeding for marginal lands.

Keywords: Hordeum vulgare; Barley landraces; Bere barley; genetic diversity; manganese; micronutrients; nutrient use efficiency; sustainable agriculture.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Chlorophyll fluorescence at 0 µ

m

MnCl2 for 140 lines/cultivars of barley divided into three groups (Bere, landrace and elite) to compare the relative Mn deficiency in each. Error bars represent one standard error either side of the mean. The number of lines/cultivars collated is noted at the base of each bar.

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Chlorophyll fluorescence at 0 µ

m

MnCl2 for 140 Bere, landrace and elite redlines/cultivars of barley. The arrows indicate the lines selected to be used to measure the Mn concentration in the leaf tissue. Error bars represent one standard error either side of the mean.

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

A subset of the population representing Bere, landrace and elite lines/cultivars over a range of chlorophyll fluorescence. The columns (primary y-axis) represent the mean Mn concentrations in shoot biomass for plants grown in a hydroponic solution of 0 µ

m

MnCl2 (dark grey) and 1 µ

m

MnCl2 (light grey); the black dashed line indicates the specified critical deficiency threshold concentration of Mn in leaf tissue of 0.017 mg g−1 DW as outlined by Reuter et al. (1997). The data points (secondary axis) display the mean chlorophyll fluorescence of the plants grown in a hydroponic solution of 0 µ

m

MnCl2. Error bars represent one standard error either side of the mean.

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Principal coordinates analysis of 130 barley cultivars, identifying the division of the population into two distinct subgroups. The percentage of variation represented is 37 for coordinate 1 and 7 for coordinate 2. The lines originally labelled as Bere lines are marked in red and the other six-row landraces are in blue, with the rest in black.

Fig. 5
Fig. 5

. Manhattan plot of a genome-wide association study undertaken using a mixed linear model on the 0 µ

m

Mn mean data. The x-axis is the chromosome number, arranged from the short to the long end of the chromosome; chromosome 0 represents the unmapped markers. On the y-axis a value of 4 equates to a P-value of <0.0001, marked with a black dashed line. Each point represents a marker from the 50k Illumina iSelect genotyping array, chromosomes are represented in alternating colours.

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