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Enzymatic Antioxidant Signatures in Hyperthermophilic Archaea - PubMed

  • ️Wed Jan 01 2020

Review

Enzymatic Antioxidant Signatures in Hyperthermophilic Archaea

Emilia Pedone et al. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020.

Abstract

To fight reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by both the metabolism and strongly oxidative habitats, hyperthermophilic archaea are equipped with an array of antioxidant enzymes whose role is to protect the biological macromolecules from oxidative damage. The most common ROS, such as superoxide radical (O2-.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are scavenged by superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxins, and catalase. These enzymes, together with thioredoxin, protein disulfide oxidoreductase, and thioredoxin reductase, which are involved in redox homeostasis, represent the core of the antioxidant system. In this review, we offer a panorama of progression of knowledge on the antioxidative system in aerobic or microaerobic (hyper)thermophilic archaea and possible industrial applications of these enzymes.

Keywords: antioxidant enzymes; archaea; hyperthermophiles; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Phylogenetic tree of life. The red lines represent the hyperthermophilic aerobic archaea. In capitals, in bold italics, and in italics are phylum, family, and genus of the Archaea, respectively.

Figure 2
Figure 2

SOD sequence alignment by Clustal Omega. Thermoplasma acidophilum, Thermoplasma volcanium, Acidianus amibivalens, Saccharolobus solfataricus, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Aeropyrum pernix, Pyrobaculum aerophilum, and Pyrobaculum calidifontis.

Figure 3
Figure 3

General thiol redox pathway to recycle Prxs.

Figure 4
Figure 4

Sequence alignment of Sulerythrin by Clustal Omega among S. tokodai, S. solfataricus, and S. acidocaldarius. Conserved residues that are related to di-iron center binding are in bold.

Figure 5
Figure 5

Schematic response of the enzymes involved in oxidative stress in hyperthermophilic aerobic archaea.

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