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Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers - PubMed

️Wed Jan 01 2020

Review

Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers

Rosita Curcio et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2020.

Abstract

Mitochondrial carriers are a family of structurally related proteins responsible for the exchange of metabolites, cofactors and nucleotides between the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix. The in silico analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has highlighted the presence of 48 genes encoding putative mitochondrial carriers, but only 20 have been functionally characterized. Despite most Drosophila mitochondrial carrier genes having human homologs and sharing with them 50% or higher sequence identity, D. melanogaster genes display peculiar differences from their human counterparts: (1) in the fruit fly, many genes encode more transcript isoforms or are duplicated, resulting in the presence of numerous subfamilies in the genome; (2) the expression of the energy-producing genes in D. melanogaster is coordinated from a motif known as Nuclear Respiratory Gene (NRG), a palindromic 8-bp sequence; (3) fruit-fly duplicated genes encoding mitochondrial carriers show a testis-biased expression pattern, probably in order to keep a duplicate copy in the genome. Here, we review the main features, biological activities and role in the metabolism of the D. melanogaster mitochondrial carriers characterized to date, highlighting similarities and differences with their human counterparts. Such knowledge is very important for obtaining an integrated view of mitochondrial function in D. melanogaster metabolism.

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; SLC25; membrane transport; mitochondria; mitochondrial carrier; mitochondrial metabolism; mitochondrial transporter; proteoliposomes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Phylogenic tree of amino acid sequences of mitochondrial carriers from *D. melanogaster* and *H. sapiens.* For comparative purposes, the 48 members of *Drosophila melanogaster* (Supplemental Table S1) and the 25 human members reported in Table S1 were employed. Sequences were retrieved from the GenBank, EMBL and Flybase databases. The evolutionary history was inferred by the use of the Maximum Likelihood method and JTT matrix-based model [15]. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−49,468.35) is displayed. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were automatically obtained by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the JTT model and then selecting the topology with a superior log likelihood value. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths representing the number of substitutions per site. This analysis included 73 amino acid sequences. The final dataset comprised a total of 910 positions. Evolutionary analyses were performed in MEGA X [2,3].

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Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers - PubMed