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The claustrum of the sheep and its connections to the visual cortex - PubMed

The claustrum of the sheep and its connections to the visual cortex

Andrea Pirone et al. J Anat. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

The present study analyses the organization and selected neurochemical features of the claustrum and visual cortex of the sheep, based on the patterns of calcium-binding proteins expression. Connections of the claustrum with the visual cortex have been studied by tractography. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV-ir) and Calbindin-immunoreactive (CB-ir) cell bodies increased along the rostro-caudal axis of the nucleus. Calretinin (CR)-labeled somata were few and evenly distributed along the rostro-caudal axis. PV and CB distribution in the visual cortex was characterized by larger round and multipolar cells for PV, and more bitufted neurons for CB. The staining pattern for PV was the opposite of that of CR, which showed densely stained but rare cell bodies. Tractography shows the existence of connections with the caudal visual cortex. However, we detected no contralateral projection in the visuo-claustral interconnections. Since sheep and goats have laterally placed eyes and a limited binocular vision, the absence of contralateral projections could be of prime importance if confirmed by other studies, to rule out the role of the claustrum in stereopsis.

© 2020 Anatomical Society.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Anterior (a) to posterior (d) coronal aspects of the sheep claustrum. Fresh coronal blocks (first row a1 to d1; scale bar =5 mm); MRI digital sections (second row, scale bar =1 cm); Cresyl‐violet staining (third row; scale bar =2 mm). Cl (cl) outline is drawn by red lines. a, amygdala; aha, amygdalohippocampal area; c, caudate; cp, caudoputamen; Ex, external capsule; Ext, extreme capsule; p, putamen

Figure 2
Figure 2

3D reconstruction of the sheep claustrum in red. A, anterior; D, dorsal; L, left; P, posterior; R, right; V, ventral

Figure 3
Figure 3

Immunohistochemical staining of the sheep Cl. Immunoperoxidase reaction shows the distribution of CB in the rostral (a) and caudal (b) parts, PV in the rostral (c) and caudal (d) parts, and CR caudal part (e) immunoreactivity in the Cl (dashed line). Below (a), very few and weakly stained CB‐ir cells are spotted. Higher magnification of the frames below (b) displays CB‐ir cells and scarce fibers (enlarged in the inset). Below (c) are rare fibers with no real soma stain for PV. Below (d), higher magnification shows a moderate density of PV‐ir fibers and two positive neurons (enlarged in the inset). Below (e), higher magnification shows a dense network of CR‐positive fibers (enlarged in the inset). Cl, claustrum; ctx, cortex; Pt, putamen. Scale bars =500 μm (upper row), 100 μm (lower row), 10 μm (insets)

Figure 4
Figure 4

Immunocytochemical staining of the sheep V1. Immunocytochemistry reveals the patterns of calcium‐binding proteins in V1 (e, h, k) and the peristriate area (d, g, j). Calbindin is found in most of the cortical thickness (a, d, e, f), staining round interneurons and some pyramidal cells, while calretinin is much more localized, notably in layer 1 (b, g, h, i). Parvalbumin shows also a large positivity throughout the cortical thickness (c, j, k, l) with a marked neuropil band in V1 (k). Positive cells are rather large and round multipolar, with weaker staining of some pyramidal neurons (l). Bar in (a), (b), (c) is 1000 µm; bar in (d), (e), (g), (h), (j), and (k) is 500 µm, (f), (i), (l) bar is 50 µm

Figure 5
Figure 5

Representation of fiber tracts running between the left and right Cl (yellow and red, respectively) and the left and right visual areas (in blue and green, respectively). MRI images represent the orthogonal planes. (a) Left antero‐lateral view. Indicative bar = 1 cm. (b) Right antero‐lateral view. In (a) and (b), the extent of the tracts in the claustra can be appreciated, as well as the posterior access of the fibers, originating from the occipital aspect of the visual cortex. (c) Left Lateral view. (d) Right postero‐lateral view. (e) Ventral view where the left tracts can be seen reaching up to the visual cortex in the dorso‐occipital cortex. (f) Left antero‐lateral view, where the Cl is used as a seed to map the tracts originating from it. The fibers exiting the Cl are very rich. Note the projection to the anterior part of the visual territory, emerging from the caudo‐dorsal part of the Cl

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