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Larvicidal and histopathology effect of endophytic fungal extracts of Aspergillus tamarii against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus - PubMed

  • ️Wed Jan 01 2020

Larvicidal and histopathology effect of endophytic fungal extracts of Aspergillus tamarii against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

Kannan Baskar et al. Heliyon. 2020.

Abstract

Background: Mosquitoes biolarvicides remain the most important method for mosquito control. The previous studies have shown Aspergillus sp.-expressed larvicidal properties against mosquito species. The present study evaluated larvicidal and histopathological effect of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus tamarii isolated from theCactus stem (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill).

Method: The molecular identification of isolated A. tamarii was done by PCR amplification (5.8s rDNA) using a universal primer (ITS-1 and ITS-2). The secondary metabolites of A. tamarii was tested for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal bioassay of different concentrations (- 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL) isolated extracts were done according to the modified protocol. Each test included a set of control groups (i.e. DMSO and distilled water). The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated by probit analysis. Experimental monitoring duration was 48 h.

Results: The ethyl acetate extract from A. tamarii fungus resulted - excellent mosquitocidal effect against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, with least LC50 and LC90 values. -After 48 h, the Ae. aegypti expressed better results (LC50 = 29.10, 18.69, 16.76, 36.78 μg/mL and the LC90 = 45.59, 27.66, 27.50, 54.00 μg/mL) followed by Cx. quinquefaciatus (LC50 = 3.23, 24.99, 11.24, 10.95 μg/mL and the LC90 = 8.37, 8.29, 21.36, 20.28 μg/mL). The biochemical level of A. tamarii mycelium extract on both larvae was measured and the results shown a dose dependent activity on the level of AchE, α- and β-carboxylesterase assay. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of A. tamarii extract reflected three compounds i.e. preg-4-en-3-one, 17. α-hydroxy-17. β-cyano- (7.39%), trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne (45.77%) and pentane, 1,1,1,5-tetrachloro- (32.16%) which which might had attributed to larvae mortality.

Conclusion: The findings of - present study shows that the use of endophytic A. tamarii fungal metabolites for control of dengue and filariasis vectors is promising and needs a semifield and small scale filed trials.

Keywords: Agriculture; Artemia salina; Danio rerio; Environmental science; GC-MS; PCR; Plant biology.

© 2020 The Author(s).

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

(a) Isolation of A. tamarii genomic DNA, (b). PCR amplification of DNA at ITS regions (F3 - ITS 1 and ITS 2).

Figure 2
Figure 2

Phylogenetic tree analysis of A. tamarii.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Larvicidal efficacy of A. tamarii ethyl acetate extract against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinequefasicatus (after 48 h of exposure periods). a). Control larvae; b). Treated larvae. Black circle indicates ‘self-biting larvae’.

Figure 4
Figure 4

Histopathology profile of 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti a). Control, c). Treated and Cx. quinquefasciatus b). Control, d) treated A. tamarii ethyl acetate extract. (Larval tissues showing vacuolated gut epithelium cells (ec), gut lumen (lu), adipose tissue (ad) muscles (mu) nucleus (nu), brush border (bb), peritropic membrane (pm), food column (fc), degenerative epithelial cells (dec), broken cells (ce), destroyed cells (cd), malformed cells (cm) and nerve ganglia cells (ng)).

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