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Alice in Suicideland: Exploring the Suicidal Ideation Mechanism through the Sense of Connectedness and Help-Seeking Behaviors - PubMed

  • ️Fri Jan 01 2021

Alice in Suicideland: Exploring the Suicidal Ideation Mechanism through the Sense of Connectedness and Help-Seeking Behaviors

Minh-Hoang Nguyen et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021.

Abstract

On average, one person dies by suicide every 40 s. However, extant studies have largely focused on the risk factors for suicidal behaviors, not so much on the formation of suicidal thoughts. Therefore, we attempt to explain how suicidal thoughts arise and persist inside one's mind using a multifiltering information mechanism called Mindsponge. Bayesian analysis with Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique was run on a dataset of multinational students (N = 268) of an international university in Japan. Item 9 in the PHQ-9 was used to survey suicidal ideation. The associations among four main variables, namely, (i) suicidal ideation, (ii) help-seeking willingness (informal and formal sources), (iii) sense of connectedness, and (iv) information inaccessibility (represented by being international students), were tested in four models. Sense of connectedness is negatively associated with suicidal ideation, but its effect becomes less impactful when interacting with international students. The impact of a sense of connectedness on informal help-seeking willingness (toward family members) among international students is also lessened. Informal help-seeking is negatively associated with suicidal ideation, whereas formal help is positive. The findings support our assumption on three fundamental conditions for preventing suicidal thoughts: (i) a high degree of belongingness, (ii) accessibility to help-related information, and (iii) healthy perceived cultural responses towards mental health. Therefore, systematically coordinated programs are necessary to effectively tackle suicidal ideation.

Keywords: Bayesian inference; help-seeking behavior; mindsponge; sense of connectedness; suicidal ideation mechanism; transcultural psychiatry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1

Gelman plots for Model 1′s posterior coefficients.

Figure A2
Figure A2

Autocorrelation plots for Model 1′s posterior coefficients.

Figure A3
Figure A3

Gelman plots for Model 2′s posterior coefficients.

Figure A4
Figure A4

Autocorrelation plots for Model 2′s posterior coefficients.

Figure A5
Figure A5

Gelman plots for Model 3′s posterior coefficients.

Figure A6
Figure A6

Autocorrelation plots for Model 3′s posterior coefficients.

Figure A7
Figure A7

Gelman plots for Model 4′s posterior coefficients.

Figure A8
Figure A8

Autocorrelation plots for Model 4′s posterior coefficients.

Figure 1
Figure 1

The Mindsponge process of suicidal ideation and help-seeking information.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Model 1′s logical network.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Model 1′s Pareto smoothed importance-sampling (PSIS) diagnostic plot.

Figure 4
Figure 4

Trace plots for Model 1′s posterior coefficients.

Figure 5
Figure 5

Distributions of Model 1′s posterior coefficients with HPDI at 95%.

Figure 6
Figure 6

Model 2′s logical network.

Figure 7
Figure 7

Model 2′s PSIS diagnostic plot.

Figure 8
Figure 8

Trace plots for Model 2′s posterior coefficients.

Figure 9
Figure 9

Distributions of Model 2′s posterior coefficients with HPDI at 95%.

Figure 10
Figure 10

Pairwise distribution plot for model 2′s TCC and TCC*Inter_Dom.

Figure 11
Figure 11

Model 3′s logical network.

Figure 12
Figure 12

Model 3′s PSIS diagnostic plot.

Figure 13
Figure 13

Trace plots for Model 3′s posterior coefficients.

Figure 14
Figure 14

Distributions of Model 3′s posterior coefficients. (A)—Interval plot; (B)—Density plot.

Figure 15
Figure 15

Model 4′s logical network.

Figure 16
Figure 16

Model 4′s PSIS diagnostic plot.

Figure 17
Figure 17

Trace plots for Model 4′s posterior coefficients.

Figure 18
Figure 18

Distributions of Model 4′s posterior coefficients. (A)–Interval plot; (B)–Density plot.

Figure 19
Figure 19

Distributions of Model 4′s posterior coefficients with HPDI at 95%.

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