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Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets - PubMed

  • ️Fri Jan 01 2021

Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets

Matteo Dell'Anno et al. Animals (Basel). 2021.

Abstract

The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin for 28 days. Individual body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea incidence was recorded by a faecal scoring scale (0-3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets/pen for microbiological and chemical analyses of faecal microbiota, which were then assessed by V3-V4 region amplification sequencing. At 28 days, blood from two piglets/pen was sampled to evaluate the serum metabolic profile. After 28 days, a reduction in diarrhoea incidence was observed in the MIX compared to CTRL group (p < 0.05). In addition, compared to CTRL, MIX showed a higher lactobacilli:coliform ratio and increased Prevotella and Fibrobacter genera presence (p < 0.01). The serum metabolic profile showed a decreased level of low-density lipoproteins in the treated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of tannin extract, leonardite and tributyrin could decrease diarrhoea incidence and modulate the gut microbiota.

Keywords: alternatives to antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; diarrhoea incidence; feed additives; functional feed; leonardite; microbiota; tannins; tributyrin; weaned piglets.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Diarrhoea incidence from 0 to 28 days of experimental period divided per control (CTRL) and treatment group (MIX). a,b Means with different superscripts are significantly different between treatments (p < 0.05). CTRL: control group; MIX: treatment group supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin in the diet.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Faecal content of the principal bacterial groups (total bacteria, coliform, lactobacilli and lactobacilli:coliform ratio) divided by control (CTRL) and treatment (MIX) at the beginning (T0) and after 28 days of trial (T4). a,b Means with different superscripts are significantly different between treatments (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as least square means (LSMEANS) and standard errors (SE). CTRL: control group; MIX: treatment group supplemented with 0.75% tannin extract, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin in the diet.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA, Bray–Curtis distance) plot of the gut microbiota of weaned piglets fed a diet with (MIX) or without mix supplementation (CTRL). CTRL: control group; MIX: treatment group supplemented with 0.75% tannin extract, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin in the diet.

Figure 4
Figure 4

LEfSe analysis results between control (CTRL) and mix group (MIX) of animals at the family (A) and the genus level (B). CTRL: control group; MIX: treatment group supplemented with 0.75% tannin extract, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin in the diet.

Figure 5
Figure 5

Random forest analysis results between mix fed animals (MIX) and control group (CTRL) at the family (A) and at the genus level (B) CTRL: control group; MIX: treatment group supplemented with 0.75% tannin extract, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin in the diet.

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