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Advanced Thermochromic Ink System for Medical Blood Simulation - PubMed

  • ️Fri Jan 01 2021

Advanced Thermochromic Ink System for Medical Blood Simulation

Mohammad Noorizadeh et al. Membranes (Basel). 2021.

Abstract

Simulators for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have problems of bulky devices and low-fidelity methodologies. Hence, ongoing efforts for optimizing modern solutions focus on minimizing expenses and blending training with the intensive care unit. This is particularly evident following the coronavirus pandemic, where economic resources have been extensively cut. In this paper, as a part of an ECMO simulator for training management, an advance thermochromic ink system for medical blood simulation is presented. The system was developed and enhanced as a prototype with successful and reversible transitions between dark and bright red blood color to simulate blood oxygenation and deoxygenation in ECMO training sessions.

Keywords: blood oxygenation; blood simulation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); high-realism simulation; simulation-based training (SBT); thermochromic ink.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Overview of the ECMO simulation system.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Overview of the heater–cooler prototype.

Figure 3
Figure 3

The aluminum block is attached to the thermoelectric modules from one side only.

Figure 4
Figure 4

The aluminum blocks are attached to the thermoelectric modules from both sides of cooling block.

Figure 5
Figure 5

The heater element.

Figure 6
Figure 6

Overview of an enhanced version of the heater–cooler prototype (normal/oxygenation operation).

Figure 7
Figure 7

Oxygenation process.

Figure 8
Figure 8

De-oxygenation process.

Figure 9
Figure 9

The instructor app including the live control panel view.

Figure 10
Figure 10

The instructor app showing the sequence manager view.

Figure 11
Figure 11

Simulating (A) oxygenation, (B) deoxygenation, and (C) recirculation using a simulated ECMO circuit.

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References

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