pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Factors Determining Transmission of Persistent Viruses by Bemisia tabaci and Emergence of New Virus-Vector Relationships - PubMed

  • ️Fri Jan 01 2021

Review

Factors Determining Transmission of Persistent Viruses by Bemisia tabaci and Emergence of New Virus-Vector Relationships

Saptarshi Ghosh et al. Viruses. 2021.

Abstract

Many plant viruses depend on insect vectors for their transmission and dissemination. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important virus vectors, transmitting more than four hundred virus species, the majority belonging to begomoviruses (Geminiviridae), with their ssDNA genomes. Begomoviruses are transmitted by B. tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner, during which the virus breaches barriers in the digestive, hemolymph, and salivary systems, and interacts with insect proteins along the transmission pathway. These interactions and the tissue tropism in the vector body determine the efficiency and specificity of the transmission. This review describes the mechanisms involved in circulative begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci, focusing on the most studied virus in this regard, namely the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its closely related isolates. Additionally, the review aims at drawing attention to the recent knowhow of unorthodox virus-B. tabaci interactions. The recent knowledge of whitefly-mediated transmission of two recombinant poleroviruses (Luteoviridae), a virus group with an ssRNA genome and known to be strictly transmitted with aphids, is discussed with its broader context in the emergence of new whitefly-driven virus diseases.

Keywords: Bemisia tabaci; circulative transmission; insect vector; virus emergence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Whitefly internal anatomy (A) showing the major organs and proteins (in boxes) involved in circulative transmission of plant viruses by B. tabaci. The virus (red particles, number 14) is ingested with the phloem sap and is transported to the midgut (7) via the stylet (13) and esophagus (12). In the filter chamber area (6), the virus particles cross the midgut barrier (B) into the hemolymph (8) via the midgut plasmalemma and epithelial brush border. The virus circulates in the hemolymph and reaches the primary salivary glands (1), where it is internalized into the glands via the basal lamina and secretory cells to reach the central lumen that empties into the salivary glands duct (C). The virus then moves from the salivary glands duct into the salivary canal and is egested outside of the body while feeding. The accessory glands (2) have no role in the transmission. Some virus particles that do not reach the hemolymph are secreted outside of the body with the honeydew via the hindgut. The virus (TYLCV) has been shown to enter developing oocytes (4) and eggs (5), and could be transovarially transmitted to the next generation. Endosymbionts (10) play an important role in the transmission by secreting GroEL into the hemolymph (see text for details).

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Hogenhout S.A., Ammar E.-D., Whitfield A.E., Redinbaugh M.G. Insect vector interactions with persistently transmitted viruses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2008;46:327–359. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.022508.092135. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Fereres A., Raccah B. eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; Chichester, UK: 2015. Plant Virus Transmission by Insects; pp. 1–12.
    1. Ng J.C.K., Falk B.W. Virus-vector interactions mediating nonpersistent and semipersistent transmission of plant viruses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2006;44:183–212. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143325. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gray S., Cilia M., Ghanim M. Circulative, “Nonpropagative” virus transmission: An orchestra of virus-, insect-, and plant-derived instruments. Adv. Virus Res. 2014;89:141–199. - PubMed
    1. Whitfield A.E., Falk B.W., Rotenberg D. Insect vector-mediated transmission of plant viruses. Virology. 2015;479:278–289. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.026. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Supplementary concepts