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Detection of Entamoeba histolytica and bacterial etiological agents in patients with clinically suspected cases of liver abscesses - PubMed

Detection of Entamoeba histolytica and bacterial etiological agents in patients with clinically suspected cases of liver abscesses

Gopika S Jayan et al. J Parasit Dis. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Liver abscess is one of the conditions having multiple etiological agents. It can be parasitic or can be due to bacterial among other causes. Entamoeba histolytica is one of the common protozoan parasites causing amoebic liver abscess. So, accurate diagnosis is important for proper management and treatment. We have tried to detect the various bacterial etiological agents along with Entamoeba histolytica using culture of bacteria and polymerase chain reaction for E. histolytica in suspected liver abscess cases. Liver aspirates/pus collected from 63 patients were subjected to bacterial gram staining and culture along with wet mount and PCR for E. histolytica. Patients' clinical details and outcomes were also noted and co-related.It was seen that 22 (34.9%) out of 63 samples showed the presence of bacteria by gram staining whereas aerobic bacterial growth was seen in 28.6% and only 1.6% in anaerobic culture. Amoebic liver abscess showed E. histolytica in 36 patients out of 63 study participants (57.1%) by PCR. The study showed that 44.4% of patients had a habit of alcohol consumption and 19.1% were chronic smokers. Abdominal pain (90.3%) was the most common presenting feature followed by fever (64.5%). The most common co-morbidities in the enrolled patients was diabetes mellitus (19.3%) and least with chronic liver disease (3.2%). Liver abscess, a multi-etiological condition needs a robust diagnostic method. Just a single method or a single sample type is not sufficient to diagnose, as it may miss out other causes. Treating its associated co-morbidities may help to lessen it.

Keywords: Bacteria; Entamoeba histolytica; Liver abscess; Nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction; Risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Work flow of the sample collection and processing

**Fig. 2**
Gel picture of nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction for *E. histolytica* (L1 - 100 bp DNA ladder, L2 - NTC, L3 - NEC, L4 - PC, L5–L7 - Negative samples, L8 - Positive sample)

**Fig. 3**
Distribution of various aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

**Fig. 4**
E. *histolytica* trophozoite (Saline mount)

**Fig. 5**
Etiological agents of liver abscess

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Detection of Entamoeba histolytica and bacterial etiological agents in patients with clinically suspected cases of liver abscesses - PubMed