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Nutritional strategies to attenuate postprandial glycemic response - PubMed

Review

Nutritional strategies to attenuate postprandial glycemic response

Kenneth Pasmans et al. Obes Rev. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Maintaining good glycemic control to prevent complications is crucial in people with type 2 diabetes and in people with prediabetes and in the general population. Different strategies to improve glycemic control involve the prescription of blood glucose-lowering drugs and the modulation of physical activity and diet. Interestingly, lifestyle intervention may be more effective in lowering hyperglycemia than pharmaceutical intervention. Regulation of postprandial glycemia is complex, but specific nutritional strategies can be applied to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia. These strategies include reducing total carbohydrate intake, consuming carbohydrates with a lower glycemic index, the addition of or substitution by sweeteners and fibers, using food compounds which delay or inhibit gastric emptying or carbohydrate digestion, and using food compounds which inhibit intestinal glucose absorption. Nevertheless, it must be noted that every individual may respond differently to certain nutritional interventions. Therefore, a personalized approach is of importance to choose the optimal nutritional strategy to improve postprandial glycemia for each individual, but this requires a better understanding of the mechanisms explaining the differential responses between individuals.

Keywords: dietary fiber; postprandial hyperglycemia; type 2 diabetes; α-glucosidase inhibitor.

© 2022 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.

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Conflict of interest statement

KP has received funding for conducting a study involving L‐arabinose from Sensus B.V. (Royal Cosun). LvL has received research grants, consulting fees, and speaking honoraria for work on postprandial muscle metabolism; a full overview is provided at https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/l.vanloon. RM and EB have no conflict of interest to declare.

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