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Physical exercise and mitochondrial function: New therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders - PubMed

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Review

Physical exercise and mitochondrial function: New therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders

Lina Sun et al. Front Neurol. 2022.

Abstract

Psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, including major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, are a burden to society. Deficits of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) have been widely considered the main hallmark of psychiatric diseases as well as neurodegeneration. Herein, exploring applicable targets for improving hippocampal neural plasticity could provide a breakthrough for the development of new treatments. Emerging evidence indicates the broad functions of mitochondria in regulating cellular behaviors of neural stem cells, neural progenitors, and mature neurons in adulthood could offer multiple neural plasticities for behavioral modulation. Normalizing mitochondrial functions could be a new direction for neural plasticity enhancement. Exercise, a highly encouraged integrative method for preventing disease, has been indicated to be an effective pathway to improving both mitochondrial functions and AHN. Herein, the relative mechanisms of mitochondria in regulating neurogenesis and its effects in linking the effects of exercise to neurological diseases requires a systematic summary. In this review, we have assessed the relationship between mitochondrial functions and AHN to see whether mitochondria can be potential targets for treating neurological diseases. Moreover, as for one of well-established alternative therapeutic approaches, we summarized the evidence to show the underlying mechanisms of exercise to improve mitochondrial functions and AHN.

Keywords: adult neurogenesis; exercise; mitochondria; neurodegenerative diseases; psychiatric diseases.

Copyright © 2022 Sun, Liu, Liu, Gao and Zhang.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Exercise promotes adult neurogenesis via mitochondria. Physical exercise could enhance mitochondrial functions in adult neural stem cells. Exercise promotes the fission of mitochondria, biogenesis, and OXPHOS metabolism. These alterations result in the fate determination of NSCs from self-renewal to neural commitment, which thereby promotes adult neurogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions.

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