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Piercing and sucking mouth parts sensilla of irradiated mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) with gamma radiation - PubMed

  • ️Sat Jan 01 2022

Piercing and sucking mouth parts sensilla of irradiated mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) with gamma radiation

Nagwan Zahran et al. Sci Rep. 2022.

Abstract

Morphology, distribution and function of the sensilla associated with mouthparts of female mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) were studied by using the scanning electron microscope. The female mosquito mouthpart is a piercing and sucking type and carrying many sensory organs which plays major role in host seeking, and oviposition behaviour of mosquitoes. Six types of mouthpart sensilla have been identified and described, Sensilla trichoidea, chaetica, basiconica, Capitate peg, campaniformia and squamiformia. Females mosquito were irradiated as pupae with 20, 40 and 80 Gy of gamma radiation to investigate their effect on mouthparts sensilla. Dose of 20 Gy had slight effect on the different types of the sensilla as compared with the control. Features of malformation observed in the maxillary palp segments at this radiation dose include falling of some scales (sensilla squamiformia) at certain parts of the 1st segment leaving vacuoles. At 40 Gy, the maxillary palp segments were liquefied in some areas leaving undistinguished shape. At the highest dose 80 Gy, the tip of labial palps had many tears and showed were most affected, especially, at the trichoid, basiconic and chateica sensilla. All these malformations may lead the mosquitoes to not reaching the host, impeding their ability to transmit diseases or killing the mosquitoes, and this is the main objective of this study.

© 2022. The Author(s).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

SEM photography of control female mosquito, Culex pipiens mouthparts (35 and 250×) showing (A) Clypeus (Cly), Stylets (Sty), Maxillary Palps (Max.P) and Labial Palps (Lab.P), (B) showing different types of sensilla; scales squamiformia (S.Sq), chaetica (S.Ch) and trichodea (S.Tr).

Figure 2
Figure 2

SEM photography of control, Culex pipiens female (2000 and 3500×) (A, B) showing clypeus covered heavily with the sensilla trichodea (S.Tr I& S.Tr II) and sensilla basiconica (S.Ba).

Figure 3
Figure 3

SEM photography of control, Culex pipiens female 4th distal end of maxillary palp (1500 and 3500×) showing (A) densely covered with the microtrichia (Mt), individual olfactory capitate peg sensilla (C.Ps), sensilla basiconica (S.Ba), sensilla chaetica (S.Ch) and sensilla squamiformia (S.Sq). (B) Showing stress sense organs sensilla campaniformia (S.Ca) at higher magnification.

Figure 4
Figure 4

SEM photography of control, Culex pipiens female labial palps (500×) showing three size of smooth sensilla chateica (S.Ch) at the tip of labellum, sensilla trichodea (S.Tr I& S.Tr II), sensilla basiconica (S.Ba) and sensilla squamiformia (S.Sq).

Figure 5
Figure 5

SEM photography of irradiated female mosquito, Culex pipiens as pupae with 20 Gy showing (A-1) falling of some sensilla squamiformia (S.Sq), (B-1) absent and disorganization of microtrichia (Mt) and (C-1) nodulation of sensilla chateica (S.Ch) at the maxillary palp segments. (D-1&2) decrease in density, twisted and dwarfed of sensilla trichodea (S.Tr), (E-1) malformation of disorientation of sensilla trichodea (S.Tr), and (E-2) empty pores at the clypeus. (F-1&2) showing changes in the normal shape of labial palps, lack of sensilla chateica (S.Ch) and sensilla trichodea (S.Tr).

Figure 6
Figure 6

SEM photography of irradiated female mosquito, Culex pipiens as pupae with 40 Gy showing (A-1) liquefaction and changes in the normal shape of maxillary palp segments, (B-1) dwarfed and shrinkage of microtrichia (Mt), (B-1) falling of sensilla squamiformia (S.Sq). (C-1) absent and disorganization of sensilla squamiformia (S.Sq) at the distal end of maxillary palp. (D-1&2) lack and disorientation of sensilla trichodea (S.Tr) in some areas at the clypeus. (E-1&2) Showing liquefied or shrinkage of the clypeus at higher magnification. (F-1) broken of sensilla chateica (S.Ch), (F-2) scarcity sensilla trichodea (S.Tr) and sensilla basiconica (S.Ba) at the labial palps.

Figure 7
Figure 7

SEM photography of irradiated female mosquito, Culex pipiens as pupae with 80 Gy (A-1) showing falling of most sensilla squamiformia (S.Sq), (B-1) dwarfing and shrinkage of capitate peg sensilla (C.Ps) at the distal end of maxillary palp. (C-1) clumping and sticking of sensilla trichodea (S.Tr), (D-1) higher magnification of clypeus shows changes in the normal shape of sensilla trichodea (S.Tr). (E-1) showing destroy of most sensilla, falling of sensilla chateica (S.Ch), disorganization and loss of labial palps shape. (F-1) tear of the labial palps tip.

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