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GLP-1 and GLP-2 Orchestrate Intestine Integrity, Gut Microbiota, and Immune System Crosstalk - PubMed

  • ️Sat Jan 01 2022

Review

GLP-1 and GLP-2 Orchestrate Intestine Integrity, Gut Microbiota, and Immune System Crosstalk

Nyan Abdalqadir et al. Microorganisms. 2022.

Abstract

The intestine represents the body's largest interface between internal organs and external environments except for its nutrient and fluid absorption functions. It has the ability to sense numerous endogenous and exogenous signals from both apical and basolateral surfaces and respond through endocrine and neuronal signaling to maintain metabolic homeostasis and energy expenditure. The intestine also harbours the largest population of microbes that interact with the host to maintain human health and diseases. Furthermore, the gut is known as the largest endocrine gland, secreting over 100 peptides and other molecules that act as signaling molecules to regulate human nutrition and physiology. Among these gut-derived hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and -2 have received the most attention due to their critical role in intestinal function and food absorption as well as their application as key drug targets. In this review, we highlight the current state of the literature that has brought into light the importance of GLP-1 and GLP-2 in orchestrating intestine-microbiota-immune system crosstalk to maintain intestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis.

Keywords: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1); glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2); gut immunity; gut microbiota; inflammation; intestinal barrier integrity; metabolic syndrome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

GLP-1 and GLP-2 signaling and the interaction with the gut inflammatory network and gut microbiota. (A) GLP-1 and 2 are produced by L-cells via enzyme-mediated cleavage of proglucagon. These gut peptides exert diverse effects through binding to their specific receptors, GLP-1R and GLP-2R, respectively. (B) Intestine-specific functions of GLP-1 and -2 are essential to maintain intestine–microbiota–immune system interactions. Created with BioRender.com.

Figure 1
Figure 1

GLP-1 and GLP-2 signaling and the interaction with the gut inflammatory network and gut microbiota. (A) GLP-1 and 2 are produced by L-cells via enzyme-mediated cleavage of proglucagon. These gut peptides exert diverse effects through binding to their specific receptors, GLP-1R and GLP-2R, respectively. (B) Intestine-specific functions of GLP-1 and -2 are essential to maintain intestine–microbiota–immune system interactions. Created with BioRender.com.

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