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3D Cell Culture as Tools to Characterize Rheumatoid Arthritis Signaling and Development of New Treatments - PubMed

  • ️Sat Jan 01 2022

Review

3D Cell Culture as Tools to Characterize Rheumatoid Arthritis Signaling and Development of New Treatments

Jessica Andrea Badillo-Mata et al. Cells. 2022.

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders affecting 0.5-1% of the population worldwide. As a disease of multifactorial etiology, its constant study has made it possible to unravel the pathophysiological processes that cause the illness. However, efficient and validated disease models are necessary to continue the search for new disease-modulating drugs. Technologies, such as 3D cell culture and organ-on-a-chip, have contributed to accelerating the prospecting of new therapeutic molecules and even helping to elucidate hitherto unknown aspects of the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. These technologies, where medicine and biotechnology converge, can be applied to understand RA. This review discusses the critical elements of RA pathophysiology and current treatment strategies. Next, we discuss 3D cell culture and apply these methodologies for rheumatological diseases and selected models for RA. Finally, we summarize the application of 3D cell culture for RA treatment.

Keywords: 3D cell culture; pathophysiological models; rheumatoid arthritis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Inflammatory process. Regarding the etiology of RA, the cells responsible for articular damage include T-cells, B-Cells, Macrophages, and hyper-stimulated articular cells, such as synoviocytes (MLSs) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs).

Figure 2
Figure 2

Organoid/spheroid production methods. 3D RA models, starting from 2D cell cultures, could obtain spheroids, non-adherent cell cultures, 3D bioprinting, or embedded cultures describing different aspects of the same pathology.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Different three-dimensional cell culture approaches can describe certain aspects of RA and even integrate themes to figure out how RA pathology affects other organs in the short and long term.

Figure 4
Figure 4

Schematic representation of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for treatment of cartilage damage in a knee with RA.

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