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Cold Ethanol Extraction of Cannabinoids and Terpenes from Cannabis Using Response Surface Methodology: Optimization and Comparative Study - PubMed

  • ️Sat Jan 01 2022

Cold Ethanol Extraction of Cannabinoids and Terpenes from Cannabis Using Response Surface Methodology: Optimization and Comparative Study

Philip Wiredu Addo et al. Molecules. 2022.

Abstract

Efficient cannabis biomass extraction can increase yield while reducing costs and minimizing waste. Cold ethanol extraction was evaluated to maximize yield and concentrations of cannabinoids and terpenes at different temperatures. Central composite rotatable design was used to optimize two independent factors: sample-to-solvent ratio (1:2.9 to 1:17.1) and extraction time (5.7 min-34.1 min). With response surface methodology, predicted optimal conditions at different extraction temperatures were a cannabis-to-ethanol ratio of 1:15 and a 10 min extraction time. With these conditions, yields (g 100 g dry matter-1) were 18.2, 19.7, and 18.5 for -20 °C, -40 °C and room temperature, respectively. Compared to the reference ground sample, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid changed from 17.9 (g 100 g dry matter-1) to 15, 17.5, and 18.3 with an extraction efficiency of 83.6%, 97.7%, 102.1% for -20 °C, -40 °C, and room temperature, respectively. Terpene content decreased by 54.1% and 32.2% for extraction at -20 °C and room temperature, respectively, compared to extraction at -40 °C. Principal component analysis showed that principal component 1 and principal component 2 account for 88% and 7.31% of total variance, respectively, although no significant differences in cold ethanol extraction at different temperatures were observed.

Keywords: cannabinoids; cannabis; cold ethanol; delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

3D plots showing the combined effects of sample (g)-to-solvent (g) ratio and extraction time (min) on the concentration (g 100 g dry matter−1) of total THC (A,D,G), total terpenes (B,E,H), extraction yield (C,F,I) for cold ethanol extraction of cannabis at −20 °C (A–C), −40 °C (D,E), and room temperature (G–H).

Figure 2
Figure 2

Principal component analysis plots for cold ethanol extraction of cannabis at various temperatures: −20 °C, −40 °C, and room temperature. Scree plot (A), loadings plot (B), and scatterplot (C).

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