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Power characteristics with different types of turbochargers for lean boosted hydrogen direct injection engine in NOx-free operation - PubMed

  • ️Sun Jan 01 2023

Power characteristics with different types of turbochargers for lean boosted hydrogen direct injection engine in NOx-free operation

Changgi Kim et al. Heliyon. 2023.

Abstract

Lean boosting is a low-temperature combustion technology that can contribute to the expansion of the operation range by reducing the pressure increase rate and the combustion temperature owing to the increase in the intake air amount, even though the amount of heat supplied is the same. By optimizing the boosting device of the direct-injection-type hydrogen engine, it was expected that the operating range could be expanded through the torque increase owing to the increase in the amount of heat supplied according to the increase in the intake air mass, and nitrogen oxides emission was expected to be suppressed owing to lean low-temperature combustion. In the present study, to examine the possible output limit of a hydrogen engine under high-lean boosting conditions by applying a boosting device with a different control method, the performance according to the engine speed was observed under the condition of minimizing nitrogen oxide emission. Owing to the boosting performance by the variable turbocharging device, the output power was improved by 165% compared to that of the naturally aspirated-type combustion at a rotation speed of 5000 rpm.

Keywords: Hydrogen; In-cylinder direct injection; Lean boosting; NOx free; Torque; Turbocharger.

© 2023 The Authors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Schematic of experimental setup.

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Maximum combustion pressure and maximum pressure rise rate for each boosting condition at various engine speed operation points under wide open throttle (WOT) condition.

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

Power output and excess air ratio for naturally aspirated hydrogen engine at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

Fig. 4
Fig. 4

Hydrogen flow rate and the injection duration of the signal applied to the fuel injector for various engine speed operation points under WOT condition of naturally aspirated hydrogen engine.

Fig. 5
Fig. 5

Air flow rate and excess air ratio for each boosting condition at various engine speed operation points with WOT condition.

Fig. 6
Fig. 6

Power output and hydrogen flow rate for each boosting condition at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

Fig. 7
Fig. 7

Comparison of the air flow rate and pressure ratio for the hydrogen engine with those of the gasoline engine superimposed on the performance curve of the selected compressor for WGT-type turbocharger under at engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

Fig. 8
Fig. 8

Comparison of the turbine flow parameter and expansion ratio for the hydrogen engine with those of the gasoline engine superimposed on the performance curve of the selected turbine for WGT-type turbocharger at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

Fig. 9
Fig. 9

Turbine flow parameter and expansion ratio for the hydrogen engine superimposed on the performance curve of the selected turbine for VGT-type turbocharger at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

Fig. 10
Fig. 10

Air flow rate and pressure ratio for the hydrogen engine superimposed on the performance curve of the selected compressor for VGT-type turbocharger at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

Fig. 11
Fig. 11

Hydrogen fuel flow rate and the intake manifold pressure at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition of hydrogen engine using VGT-type turbocharger.

Fig. 12
Fig. 12

Power output and excess air ratio for turbocharged hydrogen engine using VGT-type turbocharger at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

Fig. 13
Fig. 13

Thermal efficiency for each boosting condition at various engine speed operation points under WOT condition.

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