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Role of three-dimensional cell culture in therapeutics and diagnostics: an updated review - PubMed

Review

Role of three-dimensional cell culture in therapeutics and diagnostics: an updated review

Tina Sara Biju et al. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2023 Sep.

Abstract

Drug development and testing are a tedious and expensive process with a high degree of uncertainty in the clinical success and preclinical validation of manufactured therapeutic agents. Currently, to understand the drug action, disease mechanism, and drug testing, most therapeutic drug manufacturers use 2D cell culture models to validate the drug action. However, there are many uncertainties and limitations with the conventional use of 2D (monolayer) cell culture models for drug testing that are primarily attributed due to poor mimicking of cellular mechanisms, disturbance in environmental interaction, and changes in structural morphology. To overcome such odds and difficulties in the preclinical validation of therapeutic medications, newer in vivo drug testing cell culture models with higher screening efficiencies are required. One such promising and advanced cell culture model reported recently is the "three-dimensional cell culture model." The 3D cell culture models are reported to show evident benefits over conventional 2D cell models. This review article outlines and describes the current advancement in cell culture models, their types, significance in high-throughput screening, limitations, applications in drug toxicity screening, and preclinical testing methodologies to predict in vivo efficacy.

Keywords: 2D cell culture; Drug testing; Drug toxicity screening; High-throughput screening; Preclinical validation; Three-dimensional cell culture models.

© 2023. Controlled Release Society.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

2D (A) vs 3D cell culture (B) (modified from Salina-Vera et al. 2022 [7])

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Approaches in the formation of a multicellular spheroid. a Hanging drop method. b Liquid overlays. c Bioreactor system. d Microencapsulation. e Magnetic levitation

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

Workflow involved in the production of an organoid 3D culture modified from ATCC organoid culture guide [23]

Fig. 4
Fig. 4

The different types of scaffolds used for 3D culture. a Hydrogel. b Solid scaffold. c Decellularized native tissue (modified from Park et al. [42])

Fig. 5
Fig. 5

Use of microfluidic devices for modeling cardiovascular disease pathophysiology (adopted from Doherty et al. [58])

Fig. 6
Fig. 6

3D bioprinting based on an alginate hydrogel bioink, using a computer-aided design for the production of tissues and whole organs (adopted from Ramiah et al. [70])

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