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The comparative perspective of phytochemistry and biological properties of the Apiaceae family plants - PubMed

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The comparative perspective of phytochemistry and biological properties of the Apiaceae family plants

Mohammad Hamidian et al. Sci Rep. 2023.

Abstract

Despite the availability of numerous reports on the discovery of medicinal plant compounds and their properties, one may encounter contradictory results released by these reports at the level of plant families and even within species. To establish an accurate perspective of the Apiaceae family, this study examined the fruit essential oil and methanolic extract of wild and common species of this family. According to the measurement of the antioxidant property in the methanolic extract of the fruits using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, Ferula gummosa, Pimpinella anisum and Cuminum cyminum have high power in inhibiting free radicals. However, Bunium persicum had the strongest DPPH radicals inhibitory potential among all essential oils. The results of antimicrobial tests and their classification analysis showed that C. cyminum and B. persicum fruit essential oil with a high amount of cuminaldehyde had the most antibacterial properties. At the same time, the antifungal properties of H. persicum essential oil (rich in aliphatic ester) were stronger than those of the all the studied plants. Also, the essential oils of F. gummosa and Kelussia odoratissima had favourable antimicrobial properties compared to other studied plants. The investigation of the bacterial structure by scanning electron microscope confirmed the effect of the applied essential oils dose and their antibacterial potential. In general, for the first time, this paper determined the biological values of the fruit essential oil of some wild plants, such as K. odoratissima and H. persicum. Besides, in vitro examination and the mathematical models provided a suitable classification, which makes a comprehensive view in terms of the properties of the Apiaceae family.

© 2023. The Author(s).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1

Scanning electron micrographs of the effect of Cuminum cyminum (a), Heracleum persicum (b), Anethum graveolens (c) and Petroselinum crispum (d) essential oils on B. subtili.

Figure 2
Figure 2

Scanning electron micrographs of the effect of Cuminum Cyminum (a), Heracleum persicum (b), Anethum graveolens (c) and Petroselinum crispum (d) essential oils on E. coli.

Figure 3
Figure 3

(a) Analysis based on features related to the chemical profile, (b) Analysis based on features related to the antimicrobial properties, (c) Analysis based on features related to the antimicrobial properties and chemical profile. (d) Principal Component Analysis based on antimicrobial activity of studied plants and their main compound groups. In figures, HP: Heracleum persicum, KO: Kelussia odoratissima, AG: Anethum graveolens, FV: Foeniculum vulgare, PA: Pimpinella anisum, CC: Cuminum Cyminum, BP: Bunium persicum, FG: Ferula gummosa and PC: Petroselinum crispum. BMIC, BMBC and BIZ: MIC, MBC and inhibition zone of B. subtilis, EMIC, EMBC and EIZ: MIC, MBC and inhibition zone of E. coli, BMIC, BMBC and BIZ: MIC, MBC and inhibition zone of B. subtilis, SMIC, SMBC and SIZ: MIC, MBC and inhibition zone of S. aureus, PMIC, PMBC and PIZ: MIC, MBC and inhibition zone of P. aeruginosa, CMIC, CMFC and CIZ: MIC, MFC and inhibition zone of C. albicans and AMIC, AMFC and AIZ: MIC, MFC and inhibition zone of A. flavus.

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