Measuring Time Preferences - PubMed
Measuring Time Preferences
Jonathan Cohen et al. J Econ Lit. 2020 Jun.
Abstract
We review research that measures time preferences-i.e., preferences over intertemporal tradeoffs. We distinguish between studies using financial flows, which we call "money earlier or later" (MEL) decisions and studies that use time-dated consumption/effort. Under different structural models, we show how to translate what MEL experiments directly measure (required rates of return for financial flows) into a discount function over utils. We summarize empirical regularities found in MEL studies and the predictive power of those studies. We explain why MEL choices are driven in part by some factors that are distinct from underlying time preferences.
Figures

Note: Result of the following Google Scholar Search conducted August 2014: (discount OR discounting) AND utility AND “intertemporal choice" AND “time preferences” AND "standard errors". After eliminating duplicates and reprints, 222 publications remain. Year of publication min =1980, max=2014, mean=2009.8. Papers may appear more than once in the “Lab or Field,” “Linear Utility,” and “Rewards” columns if they fit more than one category (e.g. a paper with a lab and a field component”). The “Intertemporal Substitution” column classifies whether a paper allowed for the possibility that individuals might substitute consumption across time when estimating its discounting model (“Yes”) or assumed individuals consumed money or other rewards when they were received (“No”). The “Linear Utility” column classifies whether the paper’s model allows for non-linear utility functions in its model. The “Exponential”, “Hyperbolic”, and “Quasi-Hyperbolic” indicate whether any of those discount functions were estimated in the paper.

Plots of the exponential δτ with δ = 0.944, hyperbolic (1 + ατ)−γ/α with α = 4, γ = 1, and quasi-hyperbolic β1(τ<0)δτ with β = 0.7, δ = 0.957.
Similar articles
-
Time Matters: Time Perspectives Predict Intertemporal Prosocial Preferences.
Lu T, Liang D, Hong M. Lu T, et al. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jul 14;13(7):590. doi: 10.3390/bs13070590. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37504037 Free PMC article.
-
Normative arguments from experts and peers reduce delay discounting.
Senecal N, Wang T, Thompson E, Kable JW. Senecal N, et al. Judgm Decis Mak. 2012 Sep 1;7(5):568-589. Judgm Decis Mak. 2012. PMID: 23596504 Free PMC article.
-
Is a bird in the hand worth two in the future? The neuroeconomics of intertemporal decision-making.
Kalenscher T, Pennartz CM. Kalenscher T, et al. Prog Neurobiol. 2008 Mar;84(3):284-315. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.11.004. Epub 2007 Dec 7. Prog Neurobiol. 2008. PMID: 18207301 Review.
-
Discount rates in risk versus money and money versus money tradeoffs.
Alberini A, Chiabai A. Alberini A, et al. Risk Anal. 2007 Apr;27(2):483-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00899.x. Risk Anal. 2007. PMID: 17511713
-
Estimating implied rates of discount in healthcare decision-making.
West RR, McNabb R, Thompson AG, Sheldon TA, Grimley Evans J. West RR, et al. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7(38):1-60. doi: 10.3310/hta7380. Health Technol Assess. 2003. PMID: 14622489 Review.
Cited by
-
Time preferences and their life outcome correlates: Evidence from a representative survey.
Horn D, Kiss HJ. Horn D, et al. PLoS One. 2020 Jul 30;15(7):e0236486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236486. eCollection 2020. PLoS One. 2020. PMID: 32730296 Free PMC article.
-
Patt VM, Hunsberger R, Jones DA, Verfaellie M. Patt VM, et al. J Neurosci. 2023 Aug 2;43(31):5710-5722. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2250-22.2023. Epub 2023 Jul 18. J Neurosci. 2023. PMID: 37463727 Free PMC article.
-
People are less myopic about future than past collective outcomes.
Prior M, Alsharawy A, Andrews TM. Prior M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Dec 26;120(52):e2310050120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2310050120. Epub 2023 Dec 20. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023. PMID: 38117851 Free PMC article.
-
Eliciting risk preferences that predict risky health behavior: A comparison of two approaches.
Yang M, Roope LSJ, Buchanan J, Attema AE, Clarke PM, Walker AS, Wordsworth S. Yang M, et al. Health Econ. 2022 May;31(5):836-858. doi: 10.1002/hec.4486. Epub 2022 Feb 22. Health Econ. 2022. PMID: 35194876 Free PMC article.
-
Acute effects of alcohol on social and personal decision making.
Karlsson H, Persson E, Perini I, Yngve A, Heilig M, Tinghög G. Karlsson H, et al. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 Mar;47(4):824-831. doi: 10.1038/s41386-021-01218-9. Epub 2021 Nov 8. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022. PMID: 34750564 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
References
-
- Abdellaoui Mohammed, Attema Arthur E., and Bleichrodt Han. 2010. “Intertemporal Tradeoffs for Gains and Losses: An Experimental Measurement of Discounted Utility.” The Economic Journal 120 (545): 845–66. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02308.x. - DOI
-
- Abdellaoui Mohammed, Kemel Emmanuel, Panin Amma, and Vieider Ferdinand M. (2017). “Take your Time or Take your Chance: Time Discounting as a Distorted Probability.” Working Paper.
-
- Abel Andrew B. 1990. “Asset Prices under Habit Formation and Catching up with the Joneses.” The American Economic Review; 80 (2): 38–42.
-
- Ahlbrecht Martin, and Weber Martin. 1997. “An Empirical Study on Intertemporal Decision Making Under Risk.” Management Science 43 (6): 813–26. doi:10.1287/mnsc.43.6.813. - DOI
-
- Ainslie George. 1975. “Specious Reward: A Behavioral Theory of Impulsiveness and Impulse Control.” Psychological Bulletin 82 (4): 463–96. - PubMed
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Miscellaneous