Osteocyte Mechanotransduction in Orthodontic Tooth Movement - PubMed

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of bone remodeling at the “compression side” and “tension side” during orthodontic tooth movement. Mechanical force is applied to the teeth. Bone remodeling starts at the “compression side” by means of osteoclastic bone resorption regulated by several (bio)chemical factors, e.g. NO, PGE₂, sclerostin, TNF-α, IL-1β/6, RANK/RANKL, M-CSF, VEGF, cathepsin K, and MMPs. At the “tension side” osteoblastic bone formation is also regulated by (bio)chemical factors, e.g. NO, PGE₂, IL-10, RANK/RANKL, BMP, VEGF, OPG, IGF, TGF-β, TIMP, and MMPs. NO, nitric oxide; PGE₂, prostaglandin E₂; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β/6, interleukin-1β/6; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear-κB; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor- κB ligand; M-CSF, macrophage-colony stimulating factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; OPG, osteoprotegerin; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases